{"entities":{"Q1413402":{"pageid":1424142,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1413402","lastrevid":71800827,"modified":"2026-04-14T00:37:37Z","type":"item","id":"Q1413402","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Risk comparisons of premium rules: Optimality and a life insurance study"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2004084"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$EA242074-C3D2-4FAB-8B63-61160F6ACBDA","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"7757ef07669e6148c3b4346d34413db52571a1aa","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Risk comparisons of premium rules: Optimality and a life insurance study","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$868BF44B-255F-4B73-95A8-19315074BFC0","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"9d0291a093e2cc9ea9da66b9999f64c7cc4a21a3","datavalue":{"value":"1024.62040","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$3DF96698-6BA4-4328-8D4E-CA7CCE53172B","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"4c653100a3e8a182304c47c202b3d5e0f5f0f01c","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/S0167-6687(02)00208-1","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$6907947C-8DE1-40C1-9F86-AA2D0D4F78CF","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"da288633998d6374494c04966f3f523a964ced4e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":182622,"id":"Q182622"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$642BDDE8-ABFD-4BCC-BC55-DBEA8382E3D3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"9ee584afd103ad6ce3897b170b17722e40120bb1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1223870,"id":"Q1223870"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$DCC42642-D7CC-4758-9E1C-05B6016F6141","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"6fb49545b3ffbd90b84cabc3a46f56807c43d68e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":190727,"id":"Q190727"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$8F88CCE7-F527-497A-B531-82518AD59349","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"b1ec944198aab891a67df1853982c2a62bcd8045","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2003-11-16T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$31042003-851D-46EB-AF61-3D37BA872AD2","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"4a8fc00d3d69e1837f024970c798053ff342d011","datavalue":{"value":"62P05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$8CBB674A-E68F-40FE-B052-79FA171DF406","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e54dfc2ecddf296ea542bd5ed5f10672d6b15158","datavalue":{"value":"91B30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$A97E6C33-3E6C-43E5-9855-7797AAC4D64F","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"2587a1a172d22ff35cc6838dc647b6f040a153b7","datavalue":{"value":"2004084","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$11058122-3811-4AB0-90DA-A2E70D670F93","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"cef530f18586085459d18acd6d66e871f5d0c33e","datavalue":{"value":"adjustment coefficient","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$CBCA3994-A908-4808-A8BE-A89222B359D3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0b86263f5b5427745d8acbd911ff5272c9c9d80b","datavalue":{"value":"convex ordering","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$5DD2FCC9-B314-457B-AB79-5CE4BE356815","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"514e0cfaf213c5649ba5cc62addb0b5526b8a07f","datavalue":{"value":"delayed claims","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$DB12F6AD-C0D9-4951-87E0-03ADD0EDBBFE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d0a05ca072d605dfa9a51603e83b1f73692eb4aa","datavalue":{"value":"first order basis","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$057F607F-11D6-46C2-A3D5-23D6B8244D3F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5adc219735415f119a24bf305cde7c3b4e88dec8","datavalue":{"value":"Gompertz-Makeham law","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$3F81639E-281C-4832-8856-E5C7CF1D97B2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"72f4b01f25cd1d63e30141b34aa4c233ed314405","datavalue":{"value":"large deviations","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$FFE8D45C-ABD8-4CA4-AFFA-8DE19E6B5FAB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4cac10370cb3cfd00cdd573ebdcff98d7f5dcadd","datavalue":{"value":"life annuities","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$5C78F850-6DC4-4ACD-949C-8CFC506840A3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e0d0fa05e414c9f8959951ef63488b092f59a14f","datavalue":{"value":"loading premium","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$F1A38186-ED38-4451-AD96-AA06B1D51D0A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a950608411c8c28f4314638c0c977e1bba75a866","datavalue":{"value":"shot noise","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$816772F9-5B3C-4131-8E09-02B9F292675D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4059e10d67e41c7b9a75d81a368ec4d390d83d29","datavalue":{"value":"third order basis","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$EC4B623C-E2B6-406C-A4C1-7B9DB26CD5F4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"178c95270d8fd7eeb69957373932585941dbd2d4","datavalue":{"value":"whole life insurance","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$A6BA5162-741F-4D70-B512-0D7C8F41ECC3","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$89360197-3747-46EF-A33F-49623BA70C8B","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"302c0c7305e6f01146dcd289bf2ae77f42231f55","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4379506,"id":"Q4379506"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$C0B772F7-5AC3-4150-B921-ECF6BE7DE04B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c4183ab380fc384ba8355e7f9701dd711c7c0587","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3773148,"id":"Q3773148"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$E1E6F5AC-06DD-48EC-A1B7-9C8720845851","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b342353642d15b0175513a1022383beabb9f0983","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4529151,"id":"Q4529151"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$C4FCDE55-AD1E-411B-85E2-77981EB8A165","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"47b1bd2c00f83dd14e6e8529a8f546b89beb881d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4935333,"id":"Q4935333"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$66FFEADE-4600-4676-88F2-CE7D78814C3E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"28cee3cfcae93106f3d629bc428db689703a1917","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3134548,"id":"Q3134548"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$48BA6B28-384B-4E69-90F8-8E11CC4151BF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a2b1a6889c0979a92cb404bba34b4cdc3a5d92e2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4872294,"id":"Q4872294"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$076B5621-3BE0-43E9-B770-F062E85AB8C3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ccaae2ef61e1a7d4a79351ece3b71c1bbfd90fec","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3868650,"id":"Q3868650"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$4C67C7C8-3423-4FAE-A31C-C1A6012DA781","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5e4562f64fbc166e9323e74d72ec873b146cd158","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3129751,"id":"Q3129751"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$01ED12F2-B117-4D74-B6BC-228187CDA440","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"98abcd6c0343007cb392657738c6af2472634262","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4309029,"id":"Q4309029"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$7077D26C-325C-413C-9349-E621A76FF759","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"702114fd82fdc8e07f96c10215520a0fb5341070","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1392506,"id":"Q1392506"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$47B06148-FBA4-4F27-BB43-1CB9EC7A0D92","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"91cc1d00726b3bb2ff92e1305b3a4212b4040580","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3793589,"id":"Q3793589"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$7009BEEC-54CF-4167-87AA-F56B33A022C9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cb2a8f94b456e959b1b12de9070b04a5cbab3007","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1904998,"id":"Q1904998"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$77BF5A3E-E962-4500-B4C1-315117A35E96","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"db509806daffdc97639263ec585efc9b5e6ce4e0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1979067,"id":"Q1979067"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$74226152-56AD-4DAF-92FD-B21E92FF2487","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ae78640e986294cf478e20bafc659baa2f411bd8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3694498,"id":"Q3694498"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$C26C3DF9-AD9F-4ADD-ACD0-9FD083E7F5AB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3cf232d7fd6e386e14467c2d4dcbaf15057d4465","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4301147,"id":"Q4301147"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$314B3186-A554-41CA-9DC2-CB66AEAF6820","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c70048913d36da28647070f5cdcad4ce4d37e7f0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4328335,"id":"Q4328335"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$49D8F2B7-6423-40D5-AAB7-0818F13ACFB1","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"34d79958e92662865dc96a0238c44e2bf7e91531","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6687(02)00208-1","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$1A4B7838-DE06-4D61-A529-129506A5FD08","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"dc272303d314cf13ebf63b8ef7abcb17a47f45f8","datavalue":{"value":"W2029679474","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1413402$CFFAA22E-B71A-447C-AD31-C1800FAA7186","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"aa103547a093f6e2d2ca232cd082671076118d67","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3999320,"id":"Q3999320"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f5e22c3d953bdd6f4d3980a6bd1af02eea4cbcb4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7660344243049622","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1413402$976D47B3-11F1-438A-88F4-59D0203A9E0B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"20e403a5b8f079bfd61d02334c718451e784cb06","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3632881,"id":"Q3632881"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4bf03c2491312c786f5598a05bd12714fa083f3e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.761375904083252","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1413402$08538C0C-0856-4757-A75C-B9A346704ED7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4b5eed6cd19370a9324c5b08fce54f3e2de4a1cb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2485526,"id":"Q2485526"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"498815d2e51e0473cf444f6f0bba3df81660b791","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7610654234886169","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1413402$EACAEADB-5595-4781-BB8B-5B9B2465731C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f946e32b08b7d17c285cad5a0b93a79fd823dfb1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1205679,"id":"Q1205679"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f73f68d3291f45c2a70cd1b345a73f6409263a0b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.760405957698822","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1413402$516983DC-0650-4D51-A7E6-C5341744E901","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f25beb3ba8137d9720337d5cf754860bd8d249cd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4791430,"id":"Q4791430"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7ad7a876cfb1e30b7b42cc27d2f658f86000337d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7452683448791504","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1413402$B8D4A237-D74B-445A-934E-6B2866BE2A47","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Risk comparisons of premium rules: Optimality and a life insurance study","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Risk_comparisons_of_premium_rules:_Optimality_and_a_life_insurance_study"}}}}}