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These equations represent important models of growth and competition in mathematical biology. The class of first-order equations that is under discussion here is \\(\\frac{dx}{dt}=xf(t,x)\\), \\(x(0)>0\\), where \\(f(t,x)\\) is continuous for \\(t\\geq 0\\) and \\(x>0\\). This equation was introduced by A. N. Kolmogorov in 1936. The existence of positive solutions \\(x(t)\\) of the problem above is given by Theorem 7.1: suppose further that there are continuous functions \\(g\\), \\(h\\), with \\(g(t)>0\\), such that \\(f(t,\\xi )>-h(t)\\) for all \\(t\\), and \\(\\xi \\) with \\(0<\\xi <g(t)\\). Then, given a solution \\(x(t)\\) of the problem, we have \\(x(t)>0\\) for as long as \\(x(t)\\) exists to the right of \\(0\\).  Theorem 2.1 is the main result of the paper: assume that \\(f(t,x)\\) is continuous for \\(t\\geq 0\\), \\(x>0\\), and that all solutions of the problem above exist in \\([0,+\\infty )\\) and are positive. Suppose further that there exist an interval \\(I\\subseteq [0,+\\infty )\\), finite or not, and a continuous nonnegative function \\(\\lambda =\\lambda (t)\\) of variable \\(t\\) such that \\(\\frac{\\partial f}{\\partial x}(t,\\xi )\\leq -\\lambda (t)\\), \\(t\\geq 0\\), \\(\\xi \\in I\\), and \\(\\int_0^\\infty \\lambda (s)\\,ds=+\\infty \\). Finally, consider a solution \\(y(t)\\) of the problem such that \\(y(t)\\in I\\), \\(t\\geq 0\\), and \\(\\inf y(t)>0\\). Then, for any solution \\(x(t)\\) of the problem with \\(x(t)\\in I\\) for all \\(t\\geq 0\\), we have \\(\\inf x(t)>0\\) and \\(\\lim_{t\\rightarrow +\\infty }\\frac{x(t)}{y(t)}=1\\).  The presence/absence of so-called persistent solutions, that is, solutions \\(x(t)\\) with \\(\\inf x(t)>0\\), which play an essential role in the discussion, is investigated by averaging of \\(f(t,0)\\):   \\(\\frac 1T\\int_t^{t+T}f(\\tau ,0)\\,d\\tau \\geq c>0\\) or \\(\\int_0^\\infty f(\\tau ,0)\\,d\\tau =-\\infty \\). For instance, the second condition, completed with \\(f(t,x)\\leq f(t,0)\\) for \\(x>0\\), yields the nonexistence of such solutions. 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