{"entities":{"Q1421934":{"pageid":1432674,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1421934","lastrevid":67407867,"modified":"2026-04-12T17:25:29Z","type":"item","id":"Q1421934","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"The graphical integration of ordinary differential equations"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2037203"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$A978516E-2084-4D90-B293-3F6F35EF335A","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"ae82309eebb35732ab70d6cea39cb884e0d021e9","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"The graphical integration of ordinary differential equations","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$F3519D1E-41B1-4776-A58D-891E1A348C75","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"25fa05ed3fa518389b6208b85520ef245e2f2ab6","datavalue":{"value":"1038.01011","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$05B06FF3-B880-4175-B085-96C78B097D41","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"d4f64e0ed9af19f8885cdbedb1ce648a0d805745","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/S0315-0860(03)00033-8","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$6645C7AF-F7D1-408D-9051-B4096B783539","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"a4d61d62b2fc2e0c0305068ecbaa3ee2cea0ac72","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":375281,"id":"Q375281"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$E7BA12D3-691A-4A7C-9FAA-7EE2C2593EBE","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"c6d6937a3f0178a6597c072f974da30194879d85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":168116,"id":"Q168116"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$BC07B74A-23B6-48DF-A8D5-06D63B899441","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"90f9531aea2ff67f2ad60a47f2412a1f7827bd33","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2004-02-03T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$D0D49DD6-D341-45E8-9D8D-E6E66A2F2FA8","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"44f0f28c0b9867b0a33d188d15974d9f65278f55","datavalue":{"value":"The development of the graphic integration of ordinary differential equations is considered here as a ``little known phenomenon''. The article presents techniques and instruments used for the graphic integration and looks for their historic origins by going back to the beginning of calculus.  In Sect. 1 the polygonal methods are described from Descartes (1639), Newton (1679). Leibniz (1694) a.o. to perfections in 20th century. In Sect. 2 the methods of radius of curvature are described from Poncelet (1827--1830) to Meissner (1913). Sect. 3 is devoted to the use of tractional motion for the conception of integraphs: Leibniz (1693), Bernoulli (1694), Perks (1706), Poleni (1728), the integraphs B. Abdank-Abakanowicz (1886), L.-F. Jacob (1707), E. Pascal (1910). In Sect. 4 the reduction to graphic quadratures is described: Montucla (1802), the planimeters by Hermann (1814), Amsler (1854), successive approximations by Thomson (1876), Runge (1907), Kholodovsky (1929).  The text is illustrated by 28 figures, the extensive references are added.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$FCFBED8C-52FC-4FEA-8BC0-EF3109869F4C","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"01054dc6ba33aba8a952621f3343b259f4539d2d","datavalue":{"value":"01A45","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$777D6BB9-F8D3-4996-B8F7-3E2B81DD647D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"960b2b9cbff616d3d1f129813c8b4d6f994c8545","datavalue":{"value":"01A50","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$94C2286E-BEC8-4545-8821-5BB439747389","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"7bfd0f006165ee82fae761f80e1a04a7310780c9","datavalue":{"value":"01A55","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$1A6491B0-629B-4F9B-B9BC-1E594EC57628","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"855dfff3c52593115343606bc2418a3b17e5a003","datavalue":{"value":"01A60","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$8051A66D-22A0-41A7-B8E9-0B9A8595ECD1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b1d9ff1f5e7589dae30a78d69fa8154243081270","datavalue":{"value":"34-03","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$F0064ECA-ACDF-4586-8DEF-7D66F9821F1A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"11317127dcf03f85cd9b55c5f64a08d40b0acee9","datavalue":{"value":"65-03","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$CC30F2A4-4DB4-4A59-8F9A-A4B1A4B2DE1B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"4c327af07e7ea91f26fab8c5d0792870e77a4a64","datavalue":{"value":"65S05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$F6BEE1A8-6421-4A3F-8DB7-DF3E8030DBE9","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"65746cc0640e51396051f2c193feb44a0cd87d78","datavalue":{"value":"2037203","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$4CE73D42-41DE-4DAC-9C72-FF5C04059A23","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"10aa63a407e24d6955950e2be9cd872a393073f0","datavalue":{"value":"Differential equations","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$744C37F8-47AA-4D3E-B2FC-9E3DBE612043","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"9c2ff95dfc55adb57d229930763b03539c4eab16","datavalue":{"value":"Graphical integration","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$6A17BF57-6EF2-4EE0-B6E8-4BB64C8A69EE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0efa73a5d0e8eb6b3d98fbd160f20f051d03c2d7","datavalue":{"value":"Integraphs","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$A38D67AA-8EAF-468E-BBE9-A78DE373F41F","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"aa263b21939d8f630115e6f5dbadc0241ff330c1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1091627,"id":"Q1091627"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$E027C18A-56CB-438D-903A-B86C04A5A77A","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$2C9D4A6B-5B78-44E3-8A68-1422E6020D19","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9302190cfe460f3c4118488978ed12af6b12e7b5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5770332,"id":"Q5770332"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$DA621222-4CEB-4D72-9C98-E9F7B43FBA3F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9ca496230fdf0e2ac4a82b8748aa50dbc2fd15c1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3791104,"id":"Q3791104"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$0DDCFD1F-81AF-4548-B3B3-09F05E391AED","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e764dd709ec3b5d43e02b00778f3ae3816f3d65a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1565381,"id":"Q1565381"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$224CEF0C-71DC-4488-B5B7-A2B6C4797EF1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"202e54bbed36b5162086e4f4a6c451cab732f4f8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2653073,"id":"Q2653073"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$A609B6E0-935B-44CE-826C-632FC65666DC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"35db900f62cb89e7e1af5574496067ecafcd1db4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4022042,"id":"Q4022042"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$D4EF8C3F-480B-4CF8-8E02-A2CEFC34F3F3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"dd4d3913ce9154dda133e42ed66d470bd0fcf065","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1360076,"id":"Q1360076"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$B289C6A4-7699-4639-85A0-9B8ACE632BF1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ffd8916dc22650a28f9b463e2696968819831970","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5656731,"id":"Q5656731"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$50D6294A-0272-4DD1-ADB1-1385FAB9F857","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"87d0a55a69dcd088fab8d9532acd30593a70001b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5758943,"id":"Q5758943"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$3516DE08-FD99-418B-8A23-506F230D738B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"43cb2d4918f8751bfa6b9a366476739bd1222739","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5770804,"id":"Q5770804"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$D00CE659-7BC0-42A6-85BA-3FFC7769A37F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a1da9f7b34cf0938883280c3186899a4de0a7e74","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5841125,"id":"Q5841125"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$A2B2DC42-784A-4CD5-9CC1-99F6A2A98C6A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ab93fdf7781ee3f67f28d6ad55b8941f0b3c11c7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5785256,"id":"Q5785256"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$4080C2F1-B3A4-4860-A36A-F3BC991592CC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"81c702b99e52c6a8936722aee89b3f1e8af57f1d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5780848,"id":"Q5780848"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$748BD16B-D99A-4F4B-9946-186FFFD3F52B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"df2a390a2b335335e8245a1e69031e1d6d12e90b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4753968,"id":"Q4753968"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$29F371A0-C6C6-4392-9897-5CCDDB751AF9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fb33972e51469f874c062550cf8ca34afd34c974","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5817365,"id":"Q5817365"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$59CA5757-46E4-46C1-B4CA-691AA5EDA274","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cf11b28bf55e1e503032f0e0ea1eee7d8a4d87c3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5613158,"id":"Q5613158"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$3763A7F0-DF95-46E7-836F-FD713596CD25","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a38d73e4051c7b668d04669858b8b8fd4e02394a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4227833,"id":"Q4227833"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$7AB1D7D0-A77F-4B8A-B86D-9490B4973FF2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f46681c87b9d7f22da1ea0b6978cb35cfc0eacf0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2707794,"id":"Q2707794"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$61065041-E26C-43A5-BF94-7154A8FBF32F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5b95e33f961818df3a8bc45bd96e6f7aacf9f0b4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2646397,"id":"Q2646397"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$43300CFC-336A-4108-9162-E727925C95E2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f25d243fb5b42bc638f8ca231d300110d2deadd5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5788598,"id":"Q5788598"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$9AD9A83E-9894-4610-9836-34F9CF11F8A6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0dcc50b0a19b250b0daf6d63efc8b955f78a91a8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5808861,"id":"Q5808861"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1421934$2394FF76-F096-4B8D-9F98-A97CED6709F2","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"403ce95eb110ccd03a55b2a7a47ca0e1b24d2391","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2707794,"id":"Q2707794"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6846997fc505f7e7a4c4aed008ea74cc611bd4ea","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7650971412658691","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1421934$2E12D286-0FEB-4715-B6F3-794EFD033E77","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9a83d2b37317323e7c186287be5467a89245e97c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5879723,"id":"Q5879723"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a6f87216229bef05de7ffb98f64b8628b0ff50f6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7604624629020691","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1421934$7548A55F-5A45-4F98-899A-AF36658EB83C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b62f5cad3ea015324303109910444508081b3215","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4810324,"id":"Q4810324"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b44d10cb553d102dce5c4770e811f457e8cbb993","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7479910254478455","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1421934$16BD91F0-F9A0-4756-A9EB-CE1DD2F5A438","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"23faface8e1717e96ad0fd17ce45d539c4a89fc0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5879720,"id":"Q5879720"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"424b08f4b93a2738dacbbca175977bf47c5e7431","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7287003397941589","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1421934$10E5DA59-6281-4F8A-AC64-279032BEDD67","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"efbe27cbf120d84e23d7486ba8c53950dcd4a3c4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3391290,"id":"Q3391290"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2ae21c6aea45fa9cb2f6ab17345bf0eedc847f70","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7190915942192078","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1421934$6DF2E2BB-1836-4B3F-B664-192294B531C2","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"The graphical integration of ordinary differential equations","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/The_graphical_integration_of_ordinary_differential_equations"}}}}}