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For multivariate homogeneous equations (that is, \\(g=0\\)), when the dilation matrix \\(M\\) is isotropic, a characterization of smoothness in the Sobolev space \\(W_2^\\nu(\\mathbb{R}^s)\\) of the multivariate refinable function vector \\(\\varphi\\) is presented in Theorem~3.6, which generalizes several results in the literature. A necessary and sufficient condition is also established in Theorem~4.1 for the convergence of the cascade algorithm associated with a nonhomogeneous refinement equation in the Sobolev space \\((W_2^k(\\mathbb{R}^s))^r\\). The characterization in Theorem~4.1 involves the function \\(g\\) and the initial function vector \\(\\varphi_0\\) in the cascade algorithm as well as the matrix mask \\(a\\) and the isotropic dilation matrix 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