{"entities":{"Q1426335":{"pageid":1437075,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1426335","lastrevid":48253330,"modified":"2026-01-04T03:17:46Z","type":"item","id":"Q1426335","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Avoiding order reduction of fractional step Runge-Kutta discretizations for linear time dependent coefficient parabolic problems."}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2056713"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$1A6C9BE5-786A-4690-B74A-A7998CEC99C9","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"fff3f07eaa9bb57be47e08ef85acce9879b8bee4","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Avoiding order reduction of fractional step Runge-Kutta discretizations for linear time dependent coefficient parabolic problems.","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$B9F5B997-DD4E-42A9-BC7E-849D4E811563","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"17b5b239284c5e97e134ec2695ddf7bd7758acb0","datavalue":{"value":"1043.65109","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$25E46AC5-66FC-4667-8E4F-483C04A34F7C","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"5bd4f1336a5e1f1603dcb69ccc77ed50b1f85598","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":195111,"id":"Q195111"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$E8180BF4-1924-4CC6-BFE5-A501F4E71CE1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"b8ac71fb4aa755a2361b1f19b3524bc06a6735ee","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":195110,"id":"Q195110"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$05DA00D1-1C5D-48F4-A9AC-E7713B6B9D38","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"63df5078f3172be3d5525a132e1a67230f19a61f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2027142,"id":"Q2027142"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$AA2FA3C3-AAB0-4E70-8B51-E6B94FF30ABA","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"a2b36e7242e7992e58f1bd7860d01eb8947aeba5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":168308,"id":"Q168308"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$86DA6B96-8FAC-460D-8E70-F653847A8186","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"947fc07e6e3c9508b7adeaf87fe542c1ae2d0058","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2004-03-14T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$5AF10239-A1A9-4E59-BFCF-4F599E38E7A1","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"5d0e6b16e89ab8b476da09c88e21ef04f3045b29","datavalue":{"value":"Order reduction is a phenomenon of loss of accuracy that appears in many classical methods for example Runge-Kutta (RK) or Rosenbrock methods when they are used to discretize parabolic problems with time dependent boundary conditions. It can also take place in most of the splitting alternating direction or fractional step methods for solving evolutionary problems with time dependent boundary conditions.  The aim of the present paper is to investigate how to avoid this problem. The main idea is based on modifying suitably the boundary conditions for the internal stages in order to attenuate the loss of order. This idea was succesfully developed for RK methods of any order and also for fractional RK methods as well. Such time integrators combined with a standard discretization of the spatial variables involve a class of numerical algorithms which generalize the classical alternating direction, fractional step or splitting methods. A generalization of this technique for parabolic problems with time dependent coefficients is investigated in this article.  The problem is of the type:  \\[  {du(t)\\over dt} = A(t) u(t) + f(t), \\quad t_0 \\leq t \\leq T \\]   \\[  u(t_0)=u_0 \\in H, \\quad \\partial u(t) =g(t) \\in H_b, \\quad t_0 \\leq t \\leq T,  \\]  where \\(H\\) and \\(H_b\\) are two Hilbert spaces. A general convergence theorem for the numerical algorithms that combines these semidiscrete problems and a standard spatial discretization method which admits the abstract formulation and preserves suitable consistency and stability properties is proved.  Two numerical experiments are included. They confirm the increase of accuracy that the introduced technique provides.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$F42260F7-F2CA-4D71-8307-4269799CC146","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"44fb06893b62b6998d23e63129097fecc7c8ca7e","datavalue":{"value":"65M20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$D91A4CB4-F3D3-4E3B-8F60-114A6F39018B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"509564a93ca358a1f4c8858bd3f928473fea2d1d","datavalue":{"value":"65L06","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$C2AD4890-F977-44B0-883A-544859B0C86B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"a0e16199bf4855c5694cbe68c2e34fd640664740","datavalue":{"value":"65M12","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$730A7495-8239-4F6A-AFB7-83B5B45A923D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"768ebd5a337c4ef000f167e7bca176a13e57258f","datavalue":{"value":"35K15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$B17BF0C6-48B9-43C1-9D70-41139E167C2B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"19916a4b7396326f5206d6c0412dfa372255eebb","datavalue":{"value":"34G10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$58C84952-1DF1-4E06-8E4B-14C4DECF5894","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ba1401af135bc34bbe935ea2654e730fe8c2c98d","datavalue":{"value":"35K90","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$471ADEF7-6CDF-4300-AD8B-DA50D0BE84C9","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"82338b73e9aa1488e01827da26066eee4de84bd6","datavalue":{"value":"2056713","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$0ED33E4E-AE63-407D-B94F-8B581CD12DCF","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e50bb11a6811e8d537cac97cda046d6b6a336fdc","datavalue":{"value":"fractional step Runge-Kutta methods","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$2698553F-5A1A-4A50-B0F2-5E358B211A25","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a17e0b328d4019ee212945422bef259b3fa542a6","datavalue":{"value":"initial boundary value problems","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$4C712215-FE65-4E25-84F9-ECE5B984BA55","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"94723aa63f1799db9181fc2ac1b4bb5063807897","datavalue":{"value":"order reduction","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$A4C3C3A7-4DEB-42F1-9EE2-F3A6034264D5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"03ee0109af41ad406ecd743518061baaa9e5e3ff","datavalue":{"value":"convergence","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$DB3CB382-2FA0-4137-A68D-0CD8DD2795E2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"34b44e7b40021effdee26093512bde7058814281","datavalue":{"value":"stability","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$A0446D03-E0D4-4E76-9729-CD53D745CF87","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"52c2513afc8941299b07e63a5555cd1e7cb85f4a","datavalue":{"value":"consistency","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$FCEA668F-DE31-450A-8D6C-C89D4D44156F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4a5ad9ff03b17c8457e1ed84ec13768350695ce6","datavalue":{"value":"numerical experiments","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$F0D458CE-3D7F-4AF2-93C5-A892444B332A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d607627523840bd0bf4407097f29a3a99ef4a0a8","datavalue":{"value":"algorithms","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$66757035-E13B-4666-B86F-4FE68129FF58","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"17cdc24c9410be243898055c1d34aa49f85673d8","datavalue":{"value":"evolutionary problems","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$65414A2F-286C-4766-8E26-75878FC09494","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1ff94f316ae66265dfbc842287b2ab08143a4b0e","datavalue":{"value":"parabolic problems","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$638030C4-9195-4019-8FCA-62AB48D8FB06","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1dd175c6f5b0afd73f480c911262d6909f75ceba","datavalue":{"value":"semidiscretization","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$00A10D6A-EB0E-4B9F-A804-7A348B1C4FC4","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"e4e2f7785f7fd7fce315a2f118281f49ffe5859e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":273655,"id":"Q273655"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$91AD2FE5-366A-486E-BA0A-634CCE11674C","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$E350FCC6-67BD-4558-8A44-EF044942ADDD","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"34dcd0c543ea707e0617b372033ea55da1248f94","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnum.2003.11.006","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$79D7D705-ABB7-4AD2-B8B9-A91E5735E748","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"01c23977887452cf816c5eb1c872d81a6884e2db","datavalue":{"value":"W2066348849","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$1DA3B5AE-DCED-4286-A327-5AC0F2B6C945","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"906a9bd199b374a34734455f09255fe3a136f0cb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1606047,"id":"Q1606047"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$442B47EC-1DD5-4F85-945A-1E6356DE26BF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8894cfb807fddd697f9ea2911e1a11297c3bf202","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1826447,"id":"Q1826447"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$3640C198-0C90-4EE8-825A-1B01DC943B58","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"970cf0618dfeb1a4984168157f7570a5ea1e0509","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1602748,"id":"Q1602748"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$3BA969C1-8F70-4EA9-814E-E98672AAB281","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a187890998563b1c3e9694e28802999e8c61ecd7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4813610,"id":"Q4813610"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$9EA0285A-FCB2-4FED-AECE-0E107C9E87B3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"af9ed3e94b7ad7535e047d31b496055574400be3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5939892,"id":"Q5939892"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$3C935C94-5B04-4C35-858B-1117416345CA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0d32c3c7c1c9f4dd5d33ab469f1bce1e4ea98122","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5666102,"id":"Q5666102"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$C7968FEA-3D19-471E-9327-933E5A5569F2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4e0906d0488d47de9969401f0cc37b6ccec18852","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3823106,"id":"Q3823106"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$DC742173-C3FB-41D0-AAD1-7D326A3DF25B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"17ccacc4b51cc6eec8923f04680282b9371307f1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4031571,"id":"Q4031571"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$FA7EBFD0-AA6A-426F-90FE-369586DDE035","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e38d0bdd4a0a88509c4fbce068f9c3c0d5566526","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3136563,"id":"Q3136563"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$878A4656-FDC1-4947-8EF4-822418378F66","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a498835319fb39a23692196a3a93e1e14ccd9a01","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1074321,"id":"Q1074321"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$0EF49C5F-A37A-4403-ADDC-595514BDCBAA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3e55aa930e681fef74ded9e466192893954fe3d5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4185746,"id":"Q4185746"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$E4897F4D-7A2F-400C-8663-66F3E7EC7190","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"f71770c6a44e641ff92dff45d5b204c5e1b0db8a","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/J.APNUM.2003.11.006","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1426335$65616792-0E4D-4FBD-8309-B8CB8648CC3B","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"51be8e24d3715a8571e6ac1e4c1934a1842a43ee","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1826447,"id":"Q1826447"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4eea87427dacd106486c2427ec6319a9edd633af","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9014474153518676","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1426335$C9597841-FDF3-4A01-B42A-1372AAEE9219","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b2abbbe29e2adf8452cc92a874f84994daaf9aca","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3147174,"id":"Q3147174"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a447caffff27147b40d2f1b80b69cd015f3f3b09","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8917208313941956","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1426335$87796593-16E9-4D17-AD3D-D71F2AED7395","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"98efe2e5cc4a6e10be43352e7e16d8bf9c58b8f2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2006415,"id":"Q2006415"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"10366aa76d7afe67464b82d16f75f75ab2e9376d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8838669061660767","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1426335$5975DFFA-8BCF-44E0-8A52-2112645F03B5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8253db3719418e2d26c252bbfd4f0c50651ecc76","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4813610,"id":"Q4813610"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ac5da9c1aea1c6df52ac621d955d6dfc38f22ff5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8700634837150574","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1426335$FEF2DB65-CF5E-439F-9513-7C6827CAEBB4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e624199ced16801ac0857a67346d1e7139e92277","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1874210,"id":"Q1874210"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"71b59d0a7519b5c7436338325831229cb1f6d725","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8576063513755798","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1426335$5030CCB6-0344-407C-B567-EBCA5D8D8506","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1426335","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1426335"}}}}}