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It is a special kind of domination whose introduction was motivated by military rules of the ancient Roman Empire. Let \\(G\\) be a graph with vertex set \\(V(G)\\), and let \\(f: V(G)\\to \\{0,1,2\\}\\). If to each vertex \\(v\\) with \\(f(v)= 0\\) there exists a vertex \\(w\\) with \\(f(w)= 2\\) adjacent to \\(v\\), then \\(f\\) is called a Roman dominating function on \\(G\\). Its weight is \\(w(f)= \\sum_{x\\in V(G)}f(x)\\). The minimum weight of a Roman dominating function on \\(G\\) is the Roman domination number \\(\\gamma_R(G)\\) of \\(G\\). Properties of Roman dominating functions on \\(G\\) are described and some bounds for \\(\\gamma_R(G)\\) are found. For some types of graphs, including paths and cycles, exact values are found. Special attention is paid to graphs \\(G\\) with \\(\\gamma_R(G)\\leq \\gamma(G)+ 2\\), where \\(\\gamma(G)\\) is the well-known domination number of \\(G\\). Graphs with \\(\\gamma_R(G)= 2\\gamma(G)\\) are called Roman graphs and are studied. 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