{"entities":{"Q1429023":{"pageid":1439763,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1429023","lastrevid":67422579,"modified":"2026-04-12T17:32:23Z","type":"item","id":"Q1429023","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Regularization of integral equations in spaces of distributions"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2063181"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$2BAC69FB-7977-4F75-8279-B8DB4B5C0805","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"f210a82f7247cf8f8ae22299f2d646c700c4a09c","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Regularization of integral equations in spaces of distributions","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$5C2F0E9D-B641-468C-9B45-EBE9408DA56C","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"4d66146b6608c06c00e9cd73ee00d39da9b3569f","datavalue":{"value":"1041.45004","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$F7CA1EAC-6312-4CB2-97D3-111F45442A40","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"49d6d7e043fba084b0031744f214404c4cc99954","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":194760,"id":"Q194760"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$4CF50F73-AC12-4151-A47D-38858A23C528","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"e1cd9bf3779f6c23821bcce79ad403c8df2b71c8","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2004-03-29T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$BB7B85F8-F560-463D-B9C3-DCEB776E7195","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"b03055ef50c6b355cd541c7fe7e43171a29abb10","datavalue":{"value":"For \\(-\\infty\\leq a<b\\leq+\\infty\\), consider four spaces of smooth functions: (1) Let \\({\\mathcal D}(a,b)\\) be the space of smooth functions that vanish outside of \\((a,b)\\); (2) let \\({\\mathcal E}(a,b)\\) be the space of smooth functions without any restriction on their supports; (3) let \\({\\mathcal E}[a,b]\\) be the set of smooth functions on \\([a,b]\\), where being smooth at the endpoints means that the one-sided limits of the derivatives \\(\\varphi^{(j)}(a+0)\\) and \\(\\varphi^{(j)}(b-0)\\) exist for \\(j=0,1,2,\\dots\\); and (4) let \\({\\mathcal S}(a,b)\\) be the subset of \\({\\mathcal E}[a,b]\\) formed by those functions for which \\(\\varphi^{(j)}(a+0)=\\varphi^{(j)}(b-0)=0\\) for each \\(j=1,2,\\dots\\).  For \\(j,k=1,\\dots,4\\), let \\({\\mathcal D}_{jk}(a,b)\\) denote the space of smooth functions on \\((a,b)\\) that satisfy condition \\((j)\\) at \\(a\\) and condition \\((k)\\) at \\(b\\). All above spaces of smooth functions can be equipped with natural topologies and one can consider corresponding spaces of distributions. Let \\({\\mathcal X}\\) be a topological vector space and let \\(T:{\\mathcal X}\\to {\\mathcal D}_{3i}'(a,b)\\) be a continuous operator. A function \\(\\psi\\) defined on \\((a,b)\\) is called a multiplicative regularizator of \\(T\\) at \\(a\\) if \\(\\psi(x)>0\\) for \\(x\\in(a,b)\\) and there exists a continuous operator \\(\\widetilde{T}:{\\mathcal X}\\to{\\mathcal D}_{4i}'[a,b)\\) such that \\(\\pi(\\widetilde{T}f)=\\psi Tf\\) for \\(f\\in{\\mathcal X}\\), where \\(\\pi:{\\mathcal D}_{4i}'[a,b)\\to{\\mathcal D}_{3i}'(a,b)\\) is the canonical projection. A function \\(\\psi\\) is said to be a proper multiplicative regularizator if there is \\(c\\in(a,b)\\) such that the image of \\(\\pi_c\\widetilde{T}\\) has finite codimension in \\({\\mathcal D}_{43}'[a,c)\\), where \\(\\pi_c:{\\mathcal D}_{4i}'[a,b)\\to {\\mathcal D}_{43}'[a,c)\\) is the canonical projection.  The author proves necessary conditions for a function \\(\\psi\\) to be a multiplicative regularizator and a proper multiplicative regularizator of the projection \\(\\pi:{\\mathcal E}'[a,b]\\to{\\mathcal D}_{34}'(a,b]\\) (Theorem 2). He also proves the following ``uniqueness'' theorem.  Theorem 3. Let \\(T:{\\mathcal E}'[a,b]\\to{\\mathcal D}_{34}'(a,b]\\) be a continuous operator. Suppose \\(\\psi_1\\) and \\(\\psi_2\\) are two proper multiplicative regularizators of \\(T\\) with associated operators \\(\\widetilde{T}_1,\\widetilde{T}_2: {\\mathcal E}'[a,b]\\to{\\mathcal E}'[a,b]\\). If \\(\\widetilde{T}_1\\) and \\(\\widetilde{T}_2\\) are both Fredholm operators, then the limit \\(\\lim\\limits_{x\\to a}\\log[\\psi_1(x)/\\psi_2(x)]/\\log(x-a)=k\\) exists and \\(k\\in {\\mathbb N}\\).  Finally, the author considers applications of the above results to the Hilbert transform, the Carleman operator, the operator of fractional integration, and the generalized Abel operator.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$E54FF7AE-E9C6-49A2-B459-6356AEF92870","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"85110aac59ee1d0ebb2412006804b0288a5e635d","datavalue":{"value":"45E10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$0F85B5E6-96E1-4787-BB19-EA7B614CDB05","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"04a0fd183d5a51010a3c6ce911855569f7ca7a61","datavalue":{"value":"46F12","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$26EFB616-8511-40FB-B441-42C4EA0D53AF","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"209b1cb63fe32c55ff87a18799e6476849ef5faa","datavalue":{"value":"2063181","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$98A27994-F489-4D8D-871C-CE62C2058EF3","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"bed506ced04a862236a0da69a5e50f9f6079e138","datavalue":{"value":"integral equation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$B8EA8F9B-04D4-4426-9463-0D6635C76E20","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"92a125a2b8c88c30e2e238d34505df4ceaaf5f41","datavalue":{"value":"distribution","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$43C20248-D1C4-451C-89FE-3258F7AEAB17","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"996fa6997252f0f1e52e454ca1143a25296cd1ed","datavalue":{"value":"Hilbert transform","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$7D330C72-29A2-4483-A31A-2D335FCE806E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"2b5d0014a24a32bda28ed9442d2c8df20cbe2717","datavalue":{"value":"Carleman operator","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$63812EBB-CF1C-40A4-8FA6-AB15C2601844","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5b473dc3470b66b2ab26f65c04307818b2489c10","datavalue":{"value":"operator of fractional integration","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$25515713-1F62-460E-A017-85B75AB60691","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1620f489dcb0a412d878d346f766464eabac2597","datavalue":{"value":"generalized Abel operator","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$062A85C8-EA55-40CF-96B5-976681E1AD39","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1a3e3a07bf9e2e2a3c6d4e25ff70fdb20ea4b8d7","datavalue":{"value":"regularization","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$EB734B04-8F72-4385-963B-F8B2A57628C7","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"8d7f6a897de07c0ba8b13a13c05127686fb2f723","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":321824,"id":"Q321824"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$1DBB6D1C-FFF3-4E18-A2A1-E0ECD06306AD","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"4aa136400511080041459d6454c201420a4851b4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":233981,"id":"Q233981"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$E61BA205-721F-4488-A6E6-FBB68D54A142","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$B950F206-825A-4EAD-AA14-C51CDE828C8F","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"f952d80a76467c4d7a739be8c5dc9b0bb23274c5","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1216/jiea/1181074969","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$138D2C1E-5568-4E45-A1C2-97EC79C2FD15","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"5c1fc765c1775a01a5085355cded501bf410449e","datavalue":{"value":"W2072964302","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$B8FBAF20-E8DF-4562-BE0C-D8569E1106DB","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a603ec3baf241dd0062532880f254c48dd7e5bb1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3198285,"id":"Q3198285"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$8BFE9765-11E1-47A9-8DB4-DC6577637CEC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"86500dd6e3b5f3931cb63e5de10e9cc8b83cc475","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1413155,"id":"Q1413155"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$23FD8E07-DA67-4081-BF24-3C6BBF1E0255","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c9b50dd9654836a00c574bc7d708bb0ea8d3146e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3695796,"id":"Q3695796"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$94EBF4E3-4408-4262-AC38-95EDE5A8F87F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b5c05dfec3e6e64d96246e76b368a9489e445f1e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4779825,"id":"Q4779825"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$9F411226-0215-473B-A84F-F8E8A66AAFE6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fcbd5d04224d3c33d5a83b72aa1e933da4175dac","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5724171,"id":"Q5724171"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$91186CD2-BA9F-48F1-B321-2A8404B7B28D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e0f6c0dd323ea13aab183ecc5ca8f04f1544c780","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5518756,"id":"Q5518756"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$8F838F43-1ADF-4AF3-9FFD-E36E4A2B4774","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3f4c261ae181700b52d554918127e00d69c5e612","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3050933,"id":"Q3050933"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$97B530D7-7F29-42B9-A700-D2857A281D1E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"25fc61fb413f6c7d6409512489d2694c15e0e572","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5788173,"id":"Q5788173"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$254C797A-2441-488A-B7C6-B75AD8BCB001","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2f207fd191cfb4806faeb0b47bf89fe080bb55b8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3886256,"id":"Q3886256"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$C3A145CA-6383-40A8-AAFB-518D282EC3CA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a80bcc237ccc9c2155e93c1dfa1e52062b7e38f9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5513003,"id":"Q5513003"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$769FEECC-BB34-4E43-B537-AB30E0DD26CE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b89bed7db256bb3f2064d58e17b5102a34f299bd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3845562,"id":"Q3845562"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$BECAD211-FAFF-4A70-82A6-33B4FB581DA9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c36dd9b2e9676a943b8e32377e6c5f7028c6628d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3050934,"id":"Q3050934"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$DEAC2EA3-F868-455E-A1D2-BCCFA87656A8","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"57dadc9b7d2b69934b5a1d20b66608154903ff2c","datavalue":{"value":"10.1216/JIEA/1181074969","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1429023$29F87F4B-89D1-4839-BE17-B4E8F4C076A5","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f2b02a9c3a8f2aa4bb001816b4ce9f9c804cf08d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1413155,"id":"Q1413155"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a85c73b75b96325ae8feae146083c611c0b69b72","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7797943949699402","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1429023$1D6626A9-C4DE-485A-A596-27A0C23D844C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"efd1d49ab426797c25c2905fa385417fd26c5545","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3767819,"id":"Q3767819"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"fdb213476464e60ff2ff23a0dcdd297db5031e77","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7762660980224609","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1429023$726774AE-1340-4318-BCCF-CCD949EF5F07","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8d9dc215767e8d5373522827b5b425b36615a1e7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1273315,"id":"Q1273315"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c7aab5def7384e27056d296d8a8400650ff7ee63","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7671518921852112","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1429023$DFD34461-38EE-4715-B068-F099E2C7446D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"baebac2e7f2e104985b0fc08734b5aac04f8fc0d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3022671,"id":"Q3022671"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9bc0b6fde356d07da39f598b1413cc601861fc20","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7652915120124817","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1429023$DE62431F-39E8-43BE-A5EE-4A6C248CA0E3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cd4636be1e7efc14fa8f735a49b863362c9ef947","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5746652,"id":"Q5746652"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f93d6cdb59d402f772e0ec46932f426681f2380b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7545204162597656","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1429023$060673F3-CCBB-4980-9063-365A970D6B81","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Regularization of integral equations in spaces of distributions","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Regularization_of_integral_equations_in_spaces_of_distributions"}}}}}