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It is well-known that for any \\(k > 1\\) the canonical \\(4\\)-dimensional surgery problems may be arranged to have the kernel represented by a submanifold \\(M\\) which is \\(\\pi_1\\)-null, and satisfies \\(H_2(M) = \\phi_k(M)\\) [see \\textit{M. H. Freedman} and \\textit{F. Quinn}, Topology of \\(4\\)-Manifolds, Princeton Mathematical Series, 39. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press (1990; Zbl 0705.57001)]. \\textit{M. H. Freedman} and \\textit{P. Teichner} showed in [Invent. Math. 122, 531--557 (1995; Zbl 0857.57018)] that surgery problems with an arbitrary fundamental group have a solution, provided the surgery kernel is \\(\\pi_1\\)-null and the second homology lies in the \\(\\omega\\)-term of the Dwyer filtration, i.e., \\(H_2(M) = \\phi_{\\omega}(M)\\). This theorem was a development of the earlier result (see Chapter 6 of the Freedman-Quinn Book) that a surgery problem can be solved if the kernel is \\(\\pi_1\\)-null and \\(H_2(M)\\) is {spherical}. To state more precisely the theorem of Freedman and Teichner, it is necessary to recall the setting for surgery. Let \\(N\\) be a compact topological \\(4\\)-manifold (with or without boundary). Suppose \\(f : N \\to X\\) is a degree \\(1\\) normal map from \\(N\\) to a Poincar\u00e9 complex \\(X\\). Following the higher-dimensional arguments, it is possible to find a map normally bordant to \\(f\\) which is a \\(\\pi_1\\)-isomorphism, and such that the kernel  \\[  K = \\text{ker}(H_2(N; \\mathbb Z[\\pi_1(X)]) \\to H_2(X; \\mathbb Z[\\pi_1(X)]))  \\]  is a free \\(\\mathbb Z[\\pi_1(X)]\\)-module. Suppose that the Wall obstruction vanishes, so there is a preferred basis for the kernel \\(K\\) in which the intersection form is hyperbolic. Then we say that a compact codimension \\(0\\) submanifold \\(M\\subset \\text{int} (N)\\) {represents the surgery kernel} if \\(M\\) is \\(\\pi_1\\)-null (i.e., the inclusion induces the trivial map on \\(\\pi_1\\)), \\(H_2(M)\\) is free, and  \\[  H_2(M) \\otimes_{\\mathbb Z} \\mathbb Z[\\pi_1(X)] \\to H_2(N; \\mathbb Z[\\pi_1(X)])  \\]  maps isomorphically onto \\(K\\). The Freedman-Teichner theorem says that if a standard surgery kernel is represented by \\(M \\subset \\text{int} (N)\\) which is \\(\\pi_1\\)-null and satisfies \\(\\phi_{\\omega}(M) = H_2(M)\\), then there is a normal bordism from \\(f : N\\to X\\) to a simple homotopy equivalence \\(f' : N' \\to X\\). In this nice paper, the author gives a new geometric proof of the theorem of Freedman and Teichner, and analyzes its relation to the canonical surgery problems. In particular, he shows that a surgery problem with the kernel \\(M\\) in their setup, i.e., \\(\\pi_1\\)-null and with \\(H_2(M) = \\phi_{\\omega}(M)\\) in a \\(4\\)-manifold \\(N\\), can be reduced to the \\(\\pi_1\\)-null {spherical} case in the same manifold \\(N\\). The proof is based on the idea of splitting of capped gropes. This technique has been useful in solving a number of other problems in \\(4\\)-manifold topology (see the references of the 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