{"entities":{"Q1455087":{"pageid":1465827,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1455087","lastrevid":43121793,"modified":"2025-07-21T16:37:38Z","type":"item","id":"Q1455087","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"On the isotopy of two-dimensional surfaces in \\(\\mathbb{R}^4\\)"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2592685"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1455087$36AA5DD6-DB4D-4B08-B72A-38EB4A84A2DC","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"073d60a3ad0a2c90230e35c7dda1431b3d17c1c8","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"On the isotopy of two-dimensional surfaces in \\(\\mathbb{R}^4\\)","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1455087$D20BA421-27FE-414A-AC03-19F21069BBF2","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"10cd1100e2b898d4a31cfa0e2901d552e6dcde9a","datavalue":{"value":"51.0450.02","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1455087$FE23446C-F6F4-4DC7-BA7B-C3EF2F1F86D8","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"c09701398f6f6eb5d72cb1282a1a4df6b2724e1d","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/BF02950724","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1455087$359966C5-8D6D-4DE3-9C17-9E928F0E5757","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"8c7a36fed93a2c5106c0dd147c45f135ff18693b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":227705,"id":"Q227705"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1455087$4FF29C0C-B932-464D-92B2-7E3BF0BC6CFE","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"37a132353a602ce312cbea629fdef315c3ee1619","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1925-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1455087$3A1C83FB-18A5-476C-9159-00EFB92FEC3F","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"b35192d1604849b6a5bbfb637f005d89588a3c96","datavalue":{"value":"Eine im vierdimensionalen Raum \\(R_4\\) gelegene zweidimensionale geschlossene Fl\u00e4che \\(F\\) vorn Geschlecht \\(p\\) (\\(p\\geqq 0\\)) hei\u00dft verknotet, wenn es keine eineindeutige stetige, die Indikatrix erhaltende Abbildung des \\(R_4\\) auf sich gibt, durch die \\(F\\) in eine in einem \\(R_3\\) gelegene Normalform (Kugel mit \\(p\\) Henkeln) \u00fcbergef\u00fchrt wird. Verf. gelangt zur Konstruktion von verknoteten Kugeln und Torusfl\u00e4chen auf Grund des folgenden Satzes :  \\(\\overline R_3\\) sei ein durch die Ebene \\(E\\) begrenzter dreidimensionaler Halbraum im \\(R_4\\), \\(M\\) eine abgeschlossene Menge im \\(\\overline R_3\\), die \\(\\overline R_3\\) nicht zerlegt und nicht ganz \\(E\\) enth\u00e4lt. L\u00e4\u00dft man \\(\\overline R_3\\) im \\(R_4\\) um \\(E\\) rotieren, so beschreibt \\(M\\) eine Menge \\(\\mathfrak M\\). Die Fundamentalgruppe des Au\u00dfenraumes von \\(\\mathfrak M\\) im \\(R_4\\) ist dann einstufig isomorph der Fundamentalgruppe des Au\u00dfenraumes von \\(M\\) in \\(\\overline R_3\\).  Nimmt man f\u00fcr \\(M\\) einen im Innern von \\(\\overline R_3\\) gelegenen Knoten, so erh\u00e4lt man als \\(M\\) einen verknoteten Torus; wenn der Knoten \\(M\\) mit der Ebene \\(E\\) genau eine Strecke gemeinsam hat, so entsteht nach Weglassen der in \\(E\\) gelegenen Strecke eine verknotete Kugel. Fl\u00e4chen h\u00f6heren Geschlechts entstehen durch Zusammensetzen dieser Typen.  Auf dieselbe Weise kann man auch gewisse Typen von verketteten Fl\u00e4chen erhalten. Verf. gibt an, da\u00df zwei unverknotete verkettete Kugeln auf diese Weise nicht hergestellt werden k\u00f6nnen, weil das Weglassen zweier in \\(E\\) gelegener Strecken die Fundamentalgruppe nicht mehr unge\u00e4ndert l\u00e4\u00dft. Vgl. jedoch die inzwischen erschienene Arbeit von \\textit{E. R. van Kampen} 1928; F. d. M. 54, 602 (JFM 54.0602.04).  Alle \u00dcberlegungen gelten im Rahmen der kombinatorischen Topologie. F\u00fcr die Polyederfl\u00e4chen mu\u00df zur Vermeidung einer gewissen Singularit\u00e4t gefordert werden, da\u00df in jeder Ecke genau drei Kanten zusammensto\u00dfen.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1455087$3B26CDD1-ADB5-4A06-B5D4-2A88515282F9","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"38c9e8be13edf84c25294a91e7543c82954b433a","datavalue":{"value":"57Mxx","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1455087$5070D85D-30A2-404F-B12A-5A27BF137DDE","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"01896fc87711acc6d74971c08b49715a2ffbbcb4","datavalue":{"value":"2592685","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1455087$AC8F25D5-B1C5-4FC7-B861-2320EB4FB7F0","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"144a6eebf639ea543bd03fa2e7064384b1e7bf2e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":593326,"id":"Q593326"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1455087$4C5FA048-DA28-45FC-9E59-F8D999E75C22","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1455087$CFA091C9-2784-4980-A92A-54BC9BD751C4","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"d4a1b31a7f835f06eaa829dc14779baa2c6b6a81","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02950724","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1455087$D0F240B2-FA83-44CD-BE05-61B5F53B6800","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"83dae20c1fa60300cb9e7736a9a77ce4929978ee","datavalue":{"value":"W1551417921","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1455087$F7435397-30BA-43EA-AD80-E1A379805708","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"8fa722a742fe4c42a381fab11da5fa969656935a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6481492,"id":"Q6481492"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1455087$793521ED-297D-4398-984E-F348E9972B77","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1455087","badges":[]}}}}}