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Nat. Acad. Proc. 4, 189--193 (1918; JFM 46.1443.05).]   Die vom Verf., J. E. Littlewood und S. Ramanujan in zahlreichen hochinteressanten Arbeiten angewendete Methode wird hier benutzt, um einen neuen Zugang zu dem klassischen Problem der Darstellung einer Zahl als Summe von \\(s\\) Quadraten zu geben. Die Konstruktion der ``singular series'' geschieht in diesem Falle \u00e4u\u00dferst einfach. Es handelt sich um die Funktion  \\[ \\vartheta^s =(1 +2q +2q^4 +2q^9 +\\cdots)^s =\\sum_{n =0}^\\infty r_s(n)q^n. \\]  Es ist  \\[ \\vartheta^s \\sim \\pi^{ \\frac s2}\\left( \\frac {S_{h,k}}{k} \\right)^s \\left(\\log \\frac 1r\\right)^{- \\frac s2}, \\]  wenn \\(q = re^{2\\pi i \\frac hk}\\) und \\(r \\to 1.\\) Hierbei ist \\(h = 0\\) f\u00fcr \\(k =1\\) und \\(0 < h < k, h\\) teilerfremd zu \\(k,\\) wenn \\(k > 1.\\) Es ist  \\[ S_{h,k} =\\sum_{j =1}^k e^{2\\pi i \\frac hk j^2} \\]  und f\u00fcr \\(S_{h, k}= 0\\) ist die obige \u00c4quivalenz durch  \\[ \\vartheta^s =o\\left(\\log \\frac 1r\\right)^{- \\frac s2} \\]  zu ersetzen. Diese Formeln f\u00fchren auf die ``Vergleichsfunktion''  \\[ \\Theta_s =1 +\\sum_{h,k} \\frac {\\pi^{ \\frac s2}}{\\Gamma \\left( \\frac s2\\right)}\\left( \\frac {S_{h,k}}k\\right)^s Fs\\left(qe^{-2\\pi i \\frac hk}\\right), \\]  wobei  \\[ F_s(x) =\\sum_{n =1}^\\infty n^{ \\frac s2-1} x^n. \\]  Die Koeffizienten von \\(\\Theta_s\\)  \\[ \\varrho_s (n) =\\sum_{h,k} \\frac{\\pi^{ \\frac s2}n^{ \\frac s2- 1}}{\\Gamma \\left( \\frac s2\\right)}\\left( \\frac{S_{h,k}}{k}\\right)^s e^{-2n \\pi i \\frac hk} = \\frac{\\pi^{ \\frac s2}n^{ \\frac s2-1}}{\\Gamma\\left( \\frac s2\\right)}\\sum_{k =1}^\\infty A_k, \\]  sind die ``singular series'', wobei  \\[ A_1 = 1,\\;A_k = k^{-s}\\sum_h (S_{h,k})^s e^{-2n\\pi i \\frac hk}. \\]   Es wird nun f\u00fcr \\(s = 3, 4, 5; 6, 7, 8\\) die merkw\u00fcrdige Tatsache gezeigt, da\u00df\\ diese Ausdr\u00fccke den genauen Wert der Darstellungen liefern, d. h.  \\[ \\varrho_ s (n) = r_s(n). \\]  Dies wird f\u00fcr \\(s = 8\\) und \\(s = 5\\) direkt bewiesen. Im ersten Falle ergibt sich nach einer Umformung  \\[ \\chi (\\tau) = \\frac {\\pi^4}{96} \\Theta_8(q) =\\sum \\frac {1}{(h-k\\tau)^4},\\;q =e^{\\pi i\\tau }, \\;{\\mathfrak J} (\\tau) >0, \\]  wobei \\(k = 1, 2, \\dots\\) und \\(h\\) s\u00e4mtliche Zahlen von entgegengesetzter Parit\u00e4t wie \\(k\\) durchl\u00e4uft, \\((h, k) = 1.\\) Die Identit\u00e4t von \\(\\chi\\) mit \\(\\vartheta^s\\) wird nach einer Methode von \\textit{L. J. Mordell} [Q. J. Math. 48, 93--104 (1918; JFM 46.0263.01)] gezeigt, indem die Invarianz von \\(\\chi \\vartheta^{-s}\\) gegen\u00fcber den Substitutionen der Modulgruppe nachgewiesen wird. Weniger einfach gestaltet sich der Beweis f\u00fcr \\(s=5.\\) F\u00fcr die anderen Werte von \\(s\\) sind die Beweise unterdr\u00fcckt. Die Methode scheitert, wenn \\(s = 2\\) oder \\(s > 8.\\)  Jetzt wendet sich Verf. dem allgemeinen Falle zu und berechnet \\(S_{h, k}\\) und \\(A_{k}\\) f\u00fcr Primzahlpotenzen, woraus der allgemeine Fall mit Hilfe einer Multiplikationsregel der \\(A_k\\) sich leicht ergibt. Diese S\u00e4tze werden nun angewendet, um f\u00fcr \\(s = 8\\) und \\(s = 5\\) zu den S\u00e4tzen von Jacobi, Eisenstein, Smith und Minkowski zu gelangen. In der Einleitung stellt der Verf. ein Verzeichnis der einschl\u00e4gigen Literatur zusammen.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1467475$8E5C8D97-16DF-4F7F-B503-6A2F7A710549","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"495845c8213cf842ac820948f1353b4cef3062a2","datavalue":{"value":"11E25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1467475$59E376A0-A82C-4000-BF5A-24891E4B5497","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"1f1fecaebff2a42b4023a0e3b3939d274484dd8a","datavalue":{"value":"2608646","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1467475$4C18823D-7DB4-4979-B9B4-8FA034F4B7DE","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b3b0084ebccee0b383015a535ebc8b755ad50168","datavalue":{"value":"representation of integers","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1467475$E4DAA1B3-21C0-44D7-9F88-A457D2D7A3B1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"310c4e00f91f9b6278a98ec4eed6669527225bfb","datavalue":{"value":"sum of squares","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1467475$3B3C5E3B-B21E-4A3B-8FAB-98B56EA0DB34","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"dd7063722955c5ae093e69fb04c98a800bf9b203","datavalue":{"value":"five squares","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1467475$4E65B0B6-0D3E-4D17-9D6F-5D518B678EE3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"262e6c351735b851177477f7868da809745b0ec7","datavalue":{"value":"singular series","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1467475$4FD8FC5E-18F8-48EE-936D-0103CE148FD9","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1467475$16098AF9-3C31-42F9-AB09-4FB0C85F2A42","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"57d3e1f7a53da4568b488112257141a9df8bf9f8","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1988931","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1467475$7D50C7E6-0F56-44DA-9DCD-CFB68FD38DEF","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"f693f0870d3c7df19070acd48ea317f429f094fd","datavalue":{"value":"W4249043245","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1467475$C6B77A5C-568F-44BF-BC19-A43498CC88B4","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"On the representation of a number as the sum of any number of squares, and in particular of five.","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/On_the_representation_of_a_number_as_the_sum_of_any_number_of_squares,_and_in_particular_of_five."}}}}}