{"entities":{"Q1482856":{"pageid":1493596,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1482856","lastrevid":43145122,"modified":"2025-07-21T20:50:09Z","type":"item","id":"Q1482856","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"The automorphic transformations of the binary quartic."}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2628854"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1482856$3CA7E664-88A3-4A24-B5B1-62B38C7BE2A9","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"dfd72253e4bafd24a6c913c5eaef2d55e62cee2f","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"The automorphic transformations of the binary quartic.","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1482856$210A9992-EE55-452B-B247-56A7C9636E1D","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"85152fcd37d9d424c9b4034923e253e070571df5","datavalue":{"value":"42.0131.02","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1482856$7579D86C-04E5-475D-9318-77AB7CB24829","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"1222dbd06eab02acd0fe5b3f9cbd1effda186169","datavalue":{"value":"10.2307/2369985","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1482856$A34021B4-D727-454D-A0AC-E6A0DA0FFA90","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"d547392ab720d09b7922cc89fd424897d6f9f4fa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1472746,"id":"Q1472746"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1482856$8AB83E96-5821-4E4C-8CBD-210511FAF8A2","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"1add02162fef49a66552187e850c2369475498a6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":559377,"id":"Q559377"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1482856$C176B06B-85B8-4C23-AC66-EB5F6E036929","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"7c9bbfaaae89e72cb710e0d3014d2c5b94ec669b","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1911-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1482856$0BC1AF7D-D5A9-4F9D-BFF9-150BD194CF8D","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"623d81007cbde85feddfc537fdbc77a370d0483e","datavalue":{"value":"Die in Rede stehenden linearen Transformationen sind schon vielfach untersucht worden; sie bilden Gruppen, die holoedrisch isomorph sind mit gewissen Substitutionsgruppen von vier Elementen, und haben nach \\textit{F. Klein} [Vorlesungen \u00fcber das Ikosaeder und die Aufl\u00f6sung der Gleichungen vom f\u00fcnften Grade. Leipzig: Teubner (1884; JFM 16.0061.01)] mittels der regul\u00e4ren Polyeder eine instruktive geometrische Deutung erfahren. Bei ihrer analytischen Darstellung ist man indessen immer von einer kanonischen Gestalt der bin\u00e4ren Form 4. Grades \\(f\\) ausgegangen; hier soll \\(f\\) allgemein zugrunde gelegt werden.   Es bedeute \\((ABCD)\\) ein bestimmtes Dv. von vier Elementen, so haben immer, je nachdem das Dv. ein allgemeines oder ein harmonisches oder ein \u00e4quianharmonisches ist, 4 resp. 8 resp. 12 der 24 Ausdr\u00fccke des Dv. denselben Wert. Die drei entsprechenden Permutationsgruppen \\(G_4,G_8,G_{12}\\) hei\u00dfen die Vierergruppe, die Diedergruppe, die Tetraedergruppe.  Seien \\(\\gamma_0,\\dots,\\gamma_3\\) die Substitutionen von \\(G_4\\), so entsteht hieraus die \\(G_8\\) durch Adjunktion der Transposition \\(\\sigma=(AB)\\), und die \\(G_{12}\\) durch Adjunktion der zirkularen Substitution \\(\\tau=(ABC)\\).   Die Transformationen werden hier in dem Sinne betrachtet, da\u00df sie die Form \\(f\\) bis auf einen konstanten Faktor in sich selbst \u00fcberf\u00fchren. \\textit{E. Study} [Am. J. Math. 17, 185--215 (1895; JFM 26.0143.01)] hat zu dem Behuf alle irrationalen Kovarianten von \\(f\\) aufgestellt und mit ihrer H\u00fclfe die Transformationen der \\(G_4\\) dargestellt. Sein Verfahren wird hier auf die \\(G_8\\) und \\(G_{12}\\) ausgedehnt.   Besteht das volle System von \\(f\\) aus den Bildungen \\(f,h,t,g_2,g_3\\), so wird die kubische Resolvente: \\(4e^3-g_2e- g_3=0\\), mit den Wurzeln \\(e_\\lambda,e_\\mu,e_\\nu\\). Die drei Formen \\(h+e_\\lambda f\\) usw. sind Quadrate und die Faktoren von \\(t^2\\).   Weiter lassen sich die drei quadratischen Faktoren \\(l,m,n\\) von \\(t\\) selbst in der Gestalt schreiben \\(l=\\frac{\\sqrt{-h- e_\\lambda f}}{\\sqrt{e_\\nu-e_\\lambda}\\cdot\\sqrt{e_\\lambda-e_\\mu}}\\) usw. Mittels der \\(l,m,n\\) wird \\(f\\) (auf drei Arten) in quadratische Faktoren zerlegt und dar\u00fcber hinaus mittels der In- und Kovarianten der \\(l,m,n\\) in lineare Faktoren.   Die bez\u00fcglichen Transformationen der \\(G_4\\) gestatten die einfache symbolische Darstellung:  \\[ \\gamma_0=(xy),\\gamma_1=(lx)(ly),\\gamma_2=(mx)(my),\\gamma_3=(nx)( ny). \\]  Weiter gelangt man so zur \\(G_8\\) und \\(G_{12}\\), es wird z. 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