{"entities":{"Q1543628":{"pageid":1554368,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1543628","lastrevid":74060949,"modified":"2026-04-14T18:13:32Z","type":"item","id":"Q1543628","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"The smallest residues of real variables."}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2699897"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1543628$A130ED84-6646-4309-B424-42BA9BCCAFA2","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"f796a6ec72e08d85f169cb1757c5f6db44fcd70a","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"The smallest residues of real variables.","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1543628$2B682318-80D7-4B5E-9217-D18706459C8B","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"e8a0478d9640fac63fa09634ed6a2c53646d9dd2","datavalue":{"value":"17.0150.01","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1543628$18E44987-9A35-4BDF-82BE-DEB3C7E4EDBD","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"e29cc4ca8b14155cd1df655f2e64c145a19be89d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1457842,"id":"Q1457842"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1543628$A8456FD1-A666-4880-83C3-8DD4424EC7B6","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"c25f8719b8e6bcb7a8d267f347be3cbfcc8042ef","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1885-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1543628$BA7F8817-5078-474F-B97A-E2DD53EBF095","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"c242cbe0fed5863c14d448028bb6cbcd388209f5","datavalue":{"value":"Die Abhandlung ist als Abschluss der Untersuchungen anzusehen, die Herr Kronecker 1876 und 1884 \u00fcber das quadratische Reciprocit\u00e4tsgesetz ver\u00f6ffentlicht hat; sie giebt eine neue und vollst\u00e4ndige Einsicht in die gegenseitigen Beziehungen der verschiedenen auf dem Gauss'schen Lemma fussenden Reciprocit\u00e4tsbeweise durch die Zur\u00fcckf\u00fchrung derselben auf die verschiedenen Fundamental-Eigenschaften der Reste reeller Gr\u00f6ssen Dieselben dr\u00fccken sich in den folgenden Gleichungen aus:  \\[ ({\\mathfrak C})\\quad \\text{sgn.R}(a)= \\text{sgn.}\\prod_g (\\tfrac 12\\, g-a); \\quad (g=1,2,3,\\dots) \\]   \\[ ({\\mathfrak D})\\quad \\text{R}(a)= \\text{R} (a+1),\\quad \\text{R}(a)+ \\text{R}(-a)= 0; \\]   \\[ ({\\mathfrak E})\\quad \\text{R}(a)+\\text{R}(b)+\\text{R}(c)= \\left[\\textstyle\\frac 12+\\frac 13 \\text{sgn.R} (a)+ \\frac 13\\text{sgn.R}(b)+\\frac 13\\text{sgn.R}(c)\\right]; \\]   \\[ ({\\mathfrak F})\\quad m\\text{R} \\left(\\frac {hn}{m} \\right)+n\\text{R}\\, \\left(\\frac{km}{n} \\right)= 0, \\]  (wobei hinsichtlich der Bezeichnungen auf F. d. M. XVI. 1884. 156 (JFM 16.0156.05) verwiesen werden muss). Der formal einfachste Beweis des Reciprocit\u00e4tsgesetzes st\u00fctzt sich nur auf (\\({\\mathfrak C}\\)); denselben hat Herr Kronecker, etwas modificirt, schon gegeben (F. d. M. XVI. 1884. 156, JFM 16.0156.05) er ist eine Vereinfachung des dritten Gauss'schen Beweises. Der sachlich einfachste Beweis ist der vereinfachte f\u00fcnfte Gauss'sche, der nur die Beziehung (\\({\\mathfrak D}\\)) benutzt. Endlich der Zeller'sche Beweis benutzt (\\({\\mathfrak E}\\)) und (\\({\\mathfrak F}\\)), indem er die Reste selbst in gewisser Weise einander zuordnet. Erw\u00e4hnt werden m\u00f6ge noch die bemerkenswerte Gleichung  \\[ \\sum_h\\;\\text{sgn.R} \\left(\\frac{hn}{m} \\right)= \\frac 1m\\;\\sum_h\\;\\text{tg}\\;\\frac{h\\pi}{m}\\;\\text{tg} \\;\\frac{hn\\pi}{m} \\]   \\[ \\left( h= 1,2,\\dots, \\frac{m-1}{2} \\right). \\]  Im Schlussparagraphen wird eine Function zweier positiver oder negativer, ungerader, teilerfemder Zahlen \\(m\\), \\(n\\) definirt durch  \\[ \\theta (m,n)= \\theta (m+2n,n) \\]   \\[ \\theta(m,n)= \\theta (-n,m)(-1)^{\\frac 14 (m-1)(n+1)- \\frac 14 (\\text{sgn.} m-1)(\\text{sgn.}n+1).} \\]  Wenn es gelingt, den Multiplicationssatz  \\[ \\theta(l,n) \\cdot \\theta(m,n)= \\theta(lm,n) \\theta(1,1) \\]  aus den Definitionsgleichungen abzuleiten so w\u00fcrde dies die Uebereinstimmung von \\(\\theta\\) mit dem Legendre-Jacobi'schen Zeichen geben, und so einen Beweis des Reciprocit\u00e4tsgesetzes liefern.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1543628$288C97E5-DF0B-44A8-B6F4-3A1B6251B62C","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"0614cfe757af775354cacad4d1852bd334b9e455","datavalue":{"value":"11A15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1543628$5102A39F-D234-4B5E-9F78-F3727AA36BC1","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"19e48b21bbf44cb48bdf8164d3c499f9793ec9ad","datavalue":{"value":"2699897","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1543628$E18913AD-A955-4CB9-813C-2885A635F064","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"45ec9ffbf2555ce1d85bc2e99dd80b93ceb424e1","datavalue":{"value":"theta functions","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1543628$63F9F767-A443-45F0-9128-0C5EEC3CC33A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"9759665d525193ee6c120bcc4fb1fd5c19665dc8","datavalue":{"value":"quadratic reciprocity","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1543628$8C8B150F-7255-4621-99D4-E0C76E69B57C","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1543628$C98A57C9-F1AB-4CFC-B2DF-053CB24F6D06","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"97f93f957f9cfc9d3b8e5ad8963519c042a8e93a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6481250,"id":"Q6481250"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1543628$3DEBD28C-DFC5-4518-B8D8-5E0220D2B6F8","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"The smallest residues of real variables.","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/The_smallest_residues_of_real_variables."}}}}}