{"entities":{"Q1559232":{"pageid":1569972,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1559232","lastrevid":72183147,"modified":"2026-04-14T03:10:01Z","type":"item","id":"Q1559232","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"On a theorem concerning the theory of envelopes"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2717155"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1559232$208259FB-A954-4DD6-85A1-E8570579F1C3","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"a1064148781d2cb48be8992d0cc602957c5b41a2","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"On a theorem concerning the theory of envelopes","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1559232$F5BBCED8-B3B6-4A10-A817-7300C53AD090","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"2aa9034463d7828c9f7d19eb5b1b22f1f22ece11","datavalue":{"value":"06.0474.01","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1559232$C9757ED4-83B8-40B7-92C0-4D40C6231A48","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"3bb048862e2fe8d666ee72555fbca880d704c85e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1486135,"id":"Q1486135"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1559232$7FBCBD05-060C-43A9-9E00-71AB3F7F6CCD","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"1380ef8650fde2ee6c6a1bfa453f73a0aca9b034","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1874-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1559232$CF418A5C-1D9B-4F35-9AB1-268CB8D225EF","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"a3abb42fb8520aa1d93ece2198be5ca3b02b3740","datavalue":{"value":"https://eudml.org/doc/98838","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1559232$01464A60-1341-4756-8DC1-2AFE1E410800","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"04194ee268ec0329c9518f3ed6c499f581858ae7","datavalue":{"value":"Bezeichnen \\(p_1,p_2,p_3,\\dots\\) die normalen Abst\u00e4nde einer ebenen \\(P\\) von festen Fl\u00e4chen \\(S_1,S_2,s_3,\\dots\\) und hat man unter den Gr\u00f6ssen \\(p_1,p_2,\\dots\\) die Relation \\(f(p_1,p_2,\\dots)=0\\), so wird die Ebene \\(P\\) im Allgemeinen eine Fl\u00e4che einh\u00fcllen. Es sei  \\[ P=ax+by+cz-\\delta=0 \\qquad (a^2+b^2+c^2=1) \\]  die Gleichung von \\(P\\), ferner seien \\((x_iy_iz_i)\\) die Coordinaten des Punktes, in welchem die gemeinschaftliche Normale von \\(P\\) und \\(S_i\\) die Ebene \\(P\\) trifft, dagegen \\((\\xi_i \\eta_i \\zeta_i)\\) die des Schnittpunktes derselben Geraden mit \\(S_i\\); dann ist  \\[ p_i= a\\xi_i+ b\\eta_i+ c\\zeta_i-\\delta. \\]  Da nun \\(\\Xi_i \\eta_i \\zeta_i\\), und somit auch \\(p_i\\) als Functionen von \\(a,b,c,\\delta\\) anzusehen sind, so gilt das Gleiche von \\(f(p_1,p_2,\\cdots)\\). Die Ebenen \\(P\\) h\u00e4ngt aber schliesslich nur von 2 Variablen \\(s\\) und \\(t\\) ab, von denen wieder \\(a,b,c,\\delta\\) Functionen sind. Die Gleichungen  \\[ P=0, \\quad \\frac{\\partial P}{\\partial s}=0, \\quad \\frac{\\partial P}{\\partial t}=0 \\]  bestimmen daher den Punkt, in welchem \\(P\\) seine Enveloppe ber\u00fchrt. Nun ist  \\[ \\frac{\\partial P}{\\partial s}=x \\frac{\\partial a}{\\partial s}+y \\frac{\\partial b}{\\partial s}+z \\frac{\\partial c}{\\partial s}- \\frac{\\partial\\delta} {\\partial s}=0, \\]   \\[ a\\frac{\\partial a}{\\partial s}+b \\frac{\\partial b}{\\partial s}+c \\frac{\\partial c}{\\partial s}=0, \\]   \\[ \\frac{\\partial p_i}{\\partial s}=a \\frac{\\partial\\xi_i}{\\partial s}+\\Xi_i \\frac{\\partial a}{\\partial s}+b \\frac{\\partial\\eta_i}{\\partial s}+\\eta_i \\frac{\\partial b}{\\partial s}+c \\frac{\\partial\\zeta_i}{\\partial s}+\\zeta_i \\frac{\\partial c}{\\partial s}- \\frac{\\partial\\delta} {\\partial s}. \\]  Da die Richtung \\((a,b,c)\\) zu derjenigen  \\[ \\biggl( \\frac{\\partial\\xi_i}{\\partial s},\\frac{\\partial\\eta_i} {\\partial s},\\frac{\\partial\\zeta_i} {\\partial s} \\biggr) \\]  senkrecht ist, so wird die letzte Gleichung:  \\[ \\frac{\\partial p_i}{\\partial s}=\\xi \\frac{\\partial a}{\\partial s}+\\eta_i\\frac{\\partial b}{\\partial s}+\\zeta_i\\frac{\\partial c}{\\partial s}-\\frac{\\partial\\delta}{\\partial s}. \\]  Differentiirt man aber die erste Gleichung und benutzt die letzte, so ist  \\[ \\begin{multlined} \\frac{\\partial a}{\\partial s}\\biggl(\\xi \\frac{\\partial f}{\\partial p_1}+\\xi_2 \\frac{\\partial f}{\\partial p_2}+\\cdots \\biggr)+ \\frac{\\partial b}{\\partial s} \\biggl(\\eta_1 \\frac{\\partial f}{\\partial p_1}+\\eta_2 \\frac{\\partial f}{\\partial p_2}+\\cdots \\biggr)\\\\ +\\frac{\\partial c}{\\partial s}\\biggl(\\zeta_1 \\frac{\\partial f}{\\partial p_1}+\\zeta_2 \\frac{\\partial f}{\\partial p_2}+\\cdots \\biggr)= \\frac{\\partial\\delta}{\\partial s}\\biggl( \\frac{\\partial f}{\\partial p_1}+\\frac{\\partial f}{\\partial p_2}+\\cdots \\biggr). \\end{multlined} \\]  Analoge Formeln ergeben sich bei der Differentiation anch \\(t\\). Mach man \\(P\\) zur Ebene der \\(xy\\), so ist  \\[ x_i=\\xi_i, \\quad y_i=\\eta_i, \\quad z_i=0, \\quad a=0, \\quad b=0, \\quad, \\delta=0. \\]  Also wird:  \\[ x\\frac{\\partial a}{\\partial s}+y \\frac{\\partial b}{\\partial s}- \\frac{\\partial\\delta}{\\partial s}=0, \\quad \\frac{\\partial c}{\\partial s}=0, \\]   \\[ \\biggl(x_1 \\frac{\\partial f}{\\partial p_1}+x_2 \\frac{\\partial f}{\\partial p_2}+\\cdots\\biggr) \\frac{\\partial a}{\\partial s}+\\biggl(y_1 \\frac{\\partial f}{\\partial p_1}+y_2 \\frac{\\partial f}{\\partial p_2}+\\cdots \\biggr) \\frac{\\partial b}{\\partial s}- \\biggl( \\frac{\\partial f}{\\partial p_1}+ \\frac{\\partial f}{\\partial p_2}+\\cdots \\biggr) \\frac{\\partial\\delta}{\\partial s}=0, \\]  und ebenso in \\(t\\).  Sind nun \\(a\\) und \\(b\\) als die unabh\u00e4ngingen Variabeln gew\u00e4hlt, so hat man:  \\[ x-\\frac{d\\delta}{da}=0, \\quad y-\\frac{d\\delta}{db}=0, \\]  und  \\[ \\sum x+i\\frac{\\partial f}{\\partial p_i}=x\\sum \\frac{\\partial f}{\\partial p_i}=0, \\quad \\sum y_i \\frac{\\partial f}{\\partial p_i}- y\\sum \\frac{\\partial f}{\\partial p_i}=0. \\]  Die beiden letzten Gleichungen dr\u00fccken aus, dass der Punkt \\((xy)\\), welcher der Ber\u00fchrungspunkt der Ebene \\(P\\) mit ihrer Enveloppe ist, der Schwerpunkt der Massen \\(\\frac{\\partial f}{\\partial p_1}, \\frac{\\partial f}{\\partial p_2} \\dots\\) ist, die in \\((x_1y_1), (x_2y_2),\\dots\\) angebracht sind. Zu diesem Satze werden noch drei Corollarien gegeben, in denen auch seine Bedeutung f\u00fcr die Planimetrie hervorgehoben wird. Es folgen dann zwei Beispiele, und zum Schluss wird erw\u00e4hnt, dass der angef\u00fchrte Satz in gewisser Hinsicht das Gegenst\u00fcck zu dem von Poinsot gegebenen ist. Sind \\(p_1,p_2\\dots\\) die Abst\u00e4nde eines beweglichen Punktes von festen Fl\u00e4chen, so ist die Normale an die Fl\u00e4che, deren Gleichung  \\[ f(p_1,p_2\\dots)=0 \\]  die Resultante aus den L\u00e4ngen \\(\\frac{\\partial f}{\\partial p_1}, \\frac{\\partial f}{\\partial p_2}\\dots\\), die l\u00e4ngs der Strahlen \\(p_1,p_2\\dots\\), angebracht sind.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1559232$15CF9818-AE41-423A-BFCE-CF219911A8A5","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"92748ab81ad2a4e49256cb5f57aa60dae31ca924","datavalue":{"value":"53A04","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1559232$487979BC-A503-4B4A-8015-5C08EEF20BBD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"2537c8eda8fd9c8bf8aaf5e36a2f684e2bb8e905","datavalue":{"value":"53A05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1559232$437C28E6-F708-4B8D-BFB6-44B069803DF0","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"ba659f3a8549cd34f7a7874b244f106ce389d202","datavalue":{"value":"2717155","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1559232$8648FDFA-827C-4983-874A-CE66DB26D372","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1f39d7fc3fc364a43a70204f0de54dd2c811a56b","datavalue":{"value":"surface","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1559232$0FC6A0F9-7077-4BD5-BB1E-2653141B9664","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b5f7444ac4d6784c177e6c2582bca28516fc6812","datavalue":{"value":"system of planes","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1559232$A646DB55-A677-4882-AABF-B8BEBCABDECA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"203ceecf519818290d1f54c2d2c3ed18df66f8e2","datavalue":{"value":"envelope of a family of planes","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1559232$8D6B8546-A0C6-4641-B30F-57603651BE93","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1559232$7FB18EA0-95F4-48CD-B6EF-E3E9E8580E35","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"On a theorem concerning the theory of envelopes","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/On_a_theorem_concerning_the_theory_of_envelopes"}}}}}