{"entities":{"Q1565465":{"pageid":1576205,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1565465","lastrevid":43214615,"modified":"2025-07-22T11:04:07Z","type":"item","id":"Q1565465","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"An example to the question of the shape of the closed geodesic in a Clifford-Klein surface"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3000059"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1565465$B0156F37-286C-4B97-9C66-D265C1944248","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"f385649b1732a9aef4f2409857ddefe08ea77ab9","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"An example to the question of the shape of the closed geodesic in a Clifford-Klein surface","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1565465$A5E9EC56-9940-4277-980F-7DE41F0A314D","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"97151678b3a4e5337ebcc0565d2a186670bb2d8e","datavalue":{"value":"0001.02802","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1565465$BAB1777B-7CAD-4F29-93BF-026B3CB66AAF","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"7d04c11d93c544b1e3d7e582b878e9a120adfe70","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":773015,"id":"Q773015"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1565465$D7F736A8-AB79-4971-9E0F-AA1D769445B9","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"e4e9f74f433df1c7c3e6e0c6ffc626db22235172","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":169192,"id":"Q169192"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1565465$0088F089-C6E3-4276-BA19-706EED228ADA","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"e0130902a9dcdeca58c7452ef77c67f7d7741a88","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1931-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1565465$E177D2D8-D41A-4BCF-9BB4-1D2F75628075","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"29d2f3a271786766d9f5c6af316d812c059477d6","datavalue":{"value":"https://eudml.org/doc/145872","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1565465$3C62BB46-227B-49C6-B36B-014BCE379952","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"ba6f41fd9d7000c7cb9ae0a12f7a07785faec5af","datavalue":{"value":"Gegeben sind in dem Kleinschen Modell der hyperbolischen Ebene 3 Geraden \\(g_1^0\\), \\(g_2^0\\), \\(g_3^0\\), die den Fundamentalkegelschnitt in paarweise sich nicht trennenden Punkten \\(U_1^i, U_2^i\\) \\((i= 1,2,3)\\) treffen, etwa in der Reihenfolge \\(U_1^1, U_2^1, U_1^3, U_2^3, U_1^2, U_2^2, U_1^1\\), und die gemeinsamen Lote \\(l_1^0, l_2^0, l_3^0\\) bzw. der Geraden \\(g_2^0\\) und \\(g_2^0\\); \\(g_3^0\\) und \\(g_1^0\\); \\(g_1^0\\) und \\(g_2^0\\). Sind \\(\\bar{l}_2^0\\) und \\(\\bar{l}_3^0\\) die aus \\(l_2^0\\) und \\(l_3^0\\) durch Spiegelung an \\(l_1^0\\) hervorgegangenen Geraden, so ordne man \\(l_2^0\\) und \\(\\bar{l}_2^0\\) ebenso \\(l_3^0\\) und \\(\\bar{l}_3^0\\) je einander punktweise so zu, wie sie durch Spiegelung an \\(l_1^0\\) ineinander \u00fcbergehen.   Zu dem von den Geraden \\(l_2^0\\), \\(\\bar{l}_2^0\\), \\(l_3^0\\), \\(\\bar{l}_3^0\\) begrenzten Gebiet des Fundamentalkegelschnitts als Diskontinuit\u00e4tsbereich geh\u00f6rt bei der angegebenen Zuordnung seiner R\u00e4nder eine Gruppe von Bewegungen in der hyperbolischen Ebene. Durch die Festsetzung, in bezug auf diese Gruppe \u00e4quivalente Punkte als identisch zu betrachten, wird abstrakt eine Fl\u00e4che definiert, die sich auf die hyperbolische Ebene abwickeln l\u00e4\u00dft (hyperbolische Raumform). Dieses Gebilde besteht, wie leicht ersichtlich, aus einem sog. Doppelsechseck mit 3 geschlossenen R\u00e4ndern \\(g_i\\) ohne gemeinsame Punkte (,,Binnenteil'') und 3 an den R\u00e4ndern \\(g_i\\) anschlie\u00dfenden, zylinderartigen ,,Au\u00dfenteilen''. Die geod\u00e4tischen Linien dieser Fl\u00e4che (Beispiel einer sog. Clifford-Kleinschen Fl\u00e4che mit konstanter negativer Kr\u00fcmmung ohne Singularit\u00e4ten und erreichbare Randpunkte) sind die Geraden der hyperbolischen Ebene. Das von den Geraden \\([U_1^1\\,U_2^3]\\), \\([U_2^1\\,U_1^2]\\), \\([U_2^2\\,U_1^3]\\) begrenzte Dreiecksgebiet ist so beschaffen, da\u00df jede in sein Inneres dringende Gerade wenigstens eine der Geraden \\(g_i\\) trifft. Also gibt es auf der genannten Fl\u00e4che keine ganz im Binnenteil verlaufende geod\u00e4tische Linie (sog. Binnengerade), die in das diesem Dreiecksgebiet auf der Fl\u00e4che entsprechende Gebiet eindringt (es ist zugleich das gr\u00f6\u00dfte Gebiet dieser Eigenschaft). Insbesondere folgt daraus, da\u00df die Punkte auf den geschlossenen geod\u00e4tischen Linien, die s\u00e4mtlich ganz im Binnenteil verlaufen, diesen nicht dicht \u00fcberdecken, im Gegensatz zu den Clifford-Kleinschen Fl\u00e4chen ohne Au\u00dfenteile, bei denen sogar die Menge der Linienelemente auf den geschlossenen geod\u00e4tischen Linien in der Menge aller Linienelemente auf der Fl\u00e4che \u00fcberall dicht liegt.   Ungel\u00f6st bleibt die Aufgabe, alle von geschlossenen geod\u00e4tischen Linien gemiedenen Bereiche auf der Fl\u00e4che anzugeben, sowohl in dem hier konstruierten Beispiel als auch f\u00fcr Clifford-Kleinsche Fl\u00e4chen h\u00f6heren Zusammenhangs.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1565465$86AEE72D-8569-4DE7-BFC0-E4366259174C","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"92748ab81ad2a4e49256cb5f57aa60dae31ca924","datavalue":{"value":"53A04","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1565465$AD1BF5B6-1E8D-4634-8D70-F8D5449D756B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b143b79160ecbd84018a9432f7528f4f2e56eb50","datavalue":{"value":"51M04","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1565465$5D3AB918-5396-425F-B478-5A4CD8D950B2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"160bba1a7b12492ca531aa356b6b468781f46d5b","datavalue":{"value":"53A35","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1565465$981CCF9C-6739-40C5-9E42-10B5728073D1","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"861137ee6a35a81c9fa90b3fedda74b6708fb813","datavalue":{"value":"3000059","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1565465$A565A39E-BCF4-44FF-828B-4EE66858E3B7","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ed6a11704f05748285f3a8ea4cef90de6c5f11ca","datavalue":{"value":"analytic geometry","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1565465$18F09D1C-F72F-476E-8256-5DCB522DC6D9","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1565465$C341C1C1-7712-4AAF-B2FF-9BCD6AA33C55","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5cc7d3d92c9af7b75f55d43d82268d9361adcb91","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4913817,"id":"Q4913817"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1b3ba51f6f2fdb75e5529f8056303e58272ff9bc","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.87035334","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1565465$7DD86471-A9FA-4636-8180-2B4B76A3E027","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"85f7deed893ba74a1d86851934253e34c2fb2d1a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3044112,"id":"Q3044112"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7fcc35e684dc9deac724f3c3038816fa9da11715","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.86514187","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1565465$5607545C-C1A0-47CF-83FE-DBD255168CEA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3cd686187658d01e2c6a278838d0583bb090cc8f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3508712,"id":"Q3508712"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"fada85813daddedb306d11d97e23555d49e89e79","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8628372","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1565465$96FE6886-9435-4B24-AFEB-83DB6D056D73","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a92ed6f4b33fd0525bc07d1fc8c42a486013c636","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2362649,"id":"Q2362649"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"77a585e6c431c2ff6ae53960fe1735f2f55ffd60","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8620703","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1565465$0DBD588D-DF07-4BB9-ABAA-07367152275E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cdab26c93ad7c6aa779f832d5d6144d33ae4661c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2266460,"id":"Q2266460"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9260620a14d7bb2c2c3a8367987ac3ebdb2fa244","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8567208","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1565465$5E30A88D-9601-49B1-9EA2-4F97EFB73237","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2a7d55961171ece5087531d3e4a76e692b0127b4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2454905,"id":"Q2454905"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"373b9b6452b82e2f6a7d25fa62c385ce72042a31","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8565473","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1565465$FE3B96A3-D92C-437F-BF88-DCCA962FF999","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"353fc39b25362de3847fa063fdd4fbc775a44d14","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3574203,"id":"Q3574203"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"97c17d7bb6c4e6d18dd8c7cc1d79357465efa979","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.85608697","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1565465$2E853AA2-98B7-4E50-8A7B-966700A548F6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"076a6d4eb8954f8fd493ec61698b16641d41f785","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2490378,"id":"Q2490378"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"778cd36f7073abad8482c5133705da8015e4e2d6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8551209","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1565465$84ECE973-94B4-472D-9A32-8C579DC1CF2D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"10efe3e3c81dce7034f0bb20652c559b93308050","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4461198,"id":"Q4461198"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e96b5cde8459ffb4b3ec750edc88260c08ccf731","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8540152","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1565465$32A5B84D-7448-40C7-9DDD-3E9D791FDA82","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"821c4bce3d32fa7943feb251ecc392ac0fd4a582","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3400198,"id":"Q3400198"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ce5861e7023b90dd46a2008e057a6995c8fb45d9","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.85269135","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1565465$67AD355C-E900-4066-9D89-FD6019FDFE62","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1565465","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1565465"}}}}}