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The present book summarizes some (but by far not all) these results and offers the author's own contributions. After the introductory Preface and Introduction (Chapter 1), further chapters deal with ``rationality'' (reasonableness; Chapter 2), social decision functions (Chapter 3), ``functional aggregation rules'' (which transform individual choice functions into a social choice function; Chapter 4) and ``social choice correspondences'' (which transform individual binary relations into social choice functions; Chapter 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