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Two path geometries \\((M, S_1)\\) and \\((M,S_2)\\) are projective1y equivalent, if the geodesics of \\(S_1\\) and \\(S_2\\) are the same as point sets, i.e., if they differ only in a (strictly increasing) parameter transformation. Then \\(S_2 = S_1 + \\lambda C\\), where \\(C\\) is the Liouville vector field and \\(\\lambda\\) is a 1-homogeneous function. Conversely, any transition \\(S \\rightarrow S + \\lambda C\\) (with 1-homogeneous \\(\\lambda\\)) is a projective change of the spray \\(S\\).    In a path geometry there are two fundamental projectively invariant curvature tensors: the projective Weyl tensor and the projective Douglas tensor. The main purpose of the paper is to present a coordinate-free (and in this sense ``intrinsic'') construction of the Douglas tensor by means of the Fr\u00f6licher-Nijenhuis theory of derivations. The program is carried out using the so-called Yano connection, whose axiomatic description and intrinsic construction from the given spray is also a novelty of the paper. As an application it is proved, using Z. Shen's ideas, that a ``volume spray manifold'' is projectively equivalent to an affinely connected manifold if its Douglas tensor vanishes. This is a global version of a celebrated result of J. Douglas. Then it is concluded that the vanishing of the Douglas tensor also implies that the projective Weyl tensor is a vertical lift (and so it ``does not depend on the position''; cf. \\textit{S.~B\u00e1cs\u00f3} and \\textit{M.~Matsumoto} [Publ. Math. 53, No. 3-4, 423-438 (1998; Zbl 0924.53018)]).    Reviewer's remark: In the course of printing a fatal misprint appeared (instead of \\(\\chi \\) the symbol 10 everywhere), so the paper has been 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