{"entities":{"Q1581829":{"pageid":1592569,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1581829","lastrevid":57384945,"modified":"2026-03-30T18:21:27Z","type":"item","id":"Q1581829","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Annuli in generalized Heegaard splittings and degeneration of tunnel number"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1515373"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1581829$38F14BD2-5AC0-48A4-AC47-82014E3DE18E","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"de35e948cfd564aa3a4b8edf48f7280a37bd71a3","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Annuli in generalized Heegaard splittings and degeneration of tunnel number","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1581829$9711A12D-A561-443B-85C9-BCF442AB5ED1","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"aa7bf1770f761ec9c5e92e038daac3cc4e01db0a","datavalue":{"value":"0953.57002","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1581829$F149469C-654B-44C3-A656-ADA14948AA70","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"a4ed53ec772ee2c9d8ab2c80f358c8489a4687f0","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/PL00004423","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1581829$49398429-01B8-4E40-BF6A-B19F560D4219","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"8a6ba6f957d5a7fb7c1405639d0d84cdde7218fe","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":930739,"id":"Q930739"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1581829$097F2F45-FAEC-4604-A90D-40A5307CA72F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"1b57892717f08332d8fee7e8ee77ae0d8b4ab9c1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1064612,"id":"Q1064612"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1581829$845E6B28-CFE0-438D-AB3C-9EAB327834CA","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"7016073dc3661ad2b8fcf740b72e135f31d59f23","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":166142,"id":"Q166142"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1581829$1E6A429A-17D8-417A-997D-BDFBD81192EF","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"a23b8f46c59ae1e048c3fabe96b6e946731b22e4","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2001-01-23T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1581829$23168F77-0C8F-4EB5-955A-B5C9AFB5D5C2","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"7d5405e661a9b7c6584acaee3cd5bd38471cc18b","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/math/9903078","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1581829$AF112C94-BAAC-4414-AD68-1327F4788831","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"80d9274a9be73a0bc614733f5927a13a903851a1","datavalue":{"value":"The main theorem of the paper shows how to cut a strongly irreducible generalized Heegaard splitting of a compact 3-manifold \\(M\\) along a family of essential annuli and create generalized Heegaard splittings for the resulting manifolds. This is applied to the behaviour of the tunnel number \\(t\\) under connected sums of knots. It is known that the difference between the sum of the tunnel numbers of the components \\(K^1, \\ldots, K^n\\) of a composite knot and the tunnel number of the knot itself can be arbitrarily large. Thus one considers the degeneration ratio \\(d(K^1, \\ldots, K^n)\\) which is defined as this difference divided by the sum of the tunnel numbers of the components, and the question arises if there is a uniform bound less than 1 on this degeneration ratio. Improving results of Kowng, it is shown that if all \\(K^j\\) are prime, then \\(d(K^1,\\ldots, K^n) \\leq 2/3\\), and that \\(d(K^1,\\ldots, K^n) \\leq 3/5\\) if none of the \\(K^j\\) is a 2-bridge knot.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1581829$FA0CB4E0-E341-4237-B0CB-B4B64D2EB25C","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"4f912cc4f5542455896ae293f2d98d28b2477a66","datavalue":{"value":"57M25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1581829$9EC4FB1A-7314-426C-B863-A7C019FBCF88","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5fd2e677adbf3c5d393403c254a42eb2ef993b52","datavalue":{"value":"57N10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1581829$8FB563A6-A2E6-479C-9ED5-93E320232BF6","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"7625007e6eaa773ce8db01e1bd395adf415d236d","datavalue":{"value":"1515373","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1581829$9B652D18-7222-46B1-9853-D1E1302F6B0B","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"24240664096163d8cfcb61fce482677b4acc86e9","datavalue":{"value":"Heegaard splitting","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1581829$3380C931-4BDC-4648-82B1-94CCDC073FB7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"99a16ee5aac3f5d516f58e60355f900367b3a48a","datavalue":{"value":"degeneration ratio","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1581829$0D7B40BF-BB86-4718-9341-DFC0D8478CEA","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"2391610032135344bedf9f3d25ca239720b85d5f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":461395,"id":"Q461395"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1581829$93C06074-474E-4AD4-9717-4148768AF8A8","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1581829$A15D1BAA-BE5E-4F57-9683-EA89073EDF3C","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"279ac6c19bd8cc190dd074c352c8a76f01b637a4","datavalue":{"value":"W2072076835","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1581829$3404FF67-7C36-4B41-8034-6532DD289616","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ecd3c39ad7e4ef0087bc4af247a0b039e2887e8a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":898509,"id":"Q898509"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1ba9158d5f565f49681928afa0d8e957135efd9c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.91694176","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1581829$43AD3975-5CAA-4525-B3DF-444CBC2076B4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9171c7e3956a8e777ad44b69e4b3f892a9355426","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2872785,"id":"Q2872785"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"114b3abb1c640debf81db4aced73535fce838138","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.867618","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1581829$543B01BD-C5B7-46B7-925D-EDDE6AC473EB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7b9d15386d0d65a8e8e3fe8a2aed1ff78802d2d9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3004776,"id":"Q3004776"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6cebe807c2928e76f3a55637cde88e8ce6e208fa","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.86616147","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1581829$585E2140-5814-4B14-BA01-2B800C5A44DF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b362cf7bc62c5b38865413772c45929cee1f7532","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5457872,"id":"Q5457872"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b2bea0fbe4b4abeeff1b793ab09d37777be642cc","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.86301863","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1581829$ADA89D8E-A911-4AF2-9E98-29AD419383DB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d8c9e3c61925bc3a249da88478eb0f2e4ffbe92b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2885881,"id":"Q2885881"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8a6e898eb0553ca81ca499445fdfbeef130b1891","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8621093","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1581829$9E51C84B-1F8C-40F4-A6B9-67C3A1FFB903","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4f91e56970ad4070ffa1788ce51276bd9e741ce8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4306447,"id":"Q4306447"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"035ea2d9927cceec71222ecc22dcf56d20c826cf","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.85965073","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1581829$D95A1D40-AEF5-4820-AD9D-86AF25CDBB43","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"46ad7f8112c5d9752104c6bb1bcfa504cd383d06","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3534930,"id":"Q3534930"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b80f4ecf3dc37f63a8fa09af722b7683d2467d89","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.85896266","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1581829$295576AC-EE86-4BA3-B2D2-D56A47D59FD4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"64af98c792f1c7ae42216fe75651b1b374124fbe","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2176720,"id":"Q2176720"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6010070fb6fbf9d06bb3da10ace74e1ec3ece4e5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8576592","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1581829$F33FD9ED-8E5C-4A46-A948-78A1D0CB96E3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ceb9f06a87eb131c06547d4147caa9b240af7423","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4549009,"id":"Q4549009"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"af9b0330ded64a276bb9259b4318022012ed23d5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8538736","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1581829$C2C3512A-2257-4E95-8432-695A26116D29","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e3721fb9501a6be3e21c2e043f4f23d56d3cf6c6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5694368,"id":"Q5694368"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"038c68af22f6397dba7808a55bdb2184fb4a2d31","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8529139","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1581829$9ACAB512-AB36-40C4-8EB4-5676CBF815D2","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1581829","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1581829"}}}}}