{"entities":{"Q1583868":{"pageid":1594608,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1583868","lastrevid":72250638,"modified":"2026-04-14T03:38:14Z","type":"item","id":"Q1583868","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Periodic instantons and the loop group"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1523444"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1583868$589B0306-1F26-4DA1-BBA2-806E335F171D","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"f4c250d684cb1e4fea926d9bb481986ca661fc58","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Periodic instantons and the loop group","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1583868$E420098A-0F07-4369-BD56-EEBB69EADD23","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"4cfb4cf513f12d0e9ce14287757305c5e20ef5f5","datavalue":{"value":"0978.58004","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1583868$07FA0FF8-6235-400C-95CA-8D60F6D2298A","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"24c0474507e9a0353846181b0c5870ac414dfd1f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":463137,"id":"Q463137"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1583868$6174E2F0-5A1F-4178-9594-7C08C6D9A034","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"74062a62bcb16497befde51af6dcf546af6addde","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":192672,"id":"Q192672"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1583868$8264C246-097C-4B77-A359-43305037FBDF","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"40834eeaab6f40b525be3b6e4320da95af2d0dcb","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2002-01-18T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1583868$4E2D7060-C8E3-41B6-8EF4-84C1DD5F054A","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"0e73acbab0feed0310fe2db9af6d5c51782f1b31","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/math-ph/9902007","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1583868$158DEC57-EE8D-4727-8EE8-A155E3BAAE3F","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"c169752fe2126bfbc1be75f8c32e9410fa205153","datavalue":{"value":"Periodic instantons, also called calorons, are instantons on \\({\\mathbb R}^3\\times S^1\\). The structure group \\(G\\) is taken to be a compact Lie group. Until recently it was not known whether periodic instantons existed, even for \\(G={\\text{SU}}(2)\\).    The author proves existence and, indeed, provides a construction of many (conjecturally all) calorons for arbitrary~\\(G\\). Specifically, for each holomorphic map from the Riemann sphere into a suitable homogeneous space for the loop group of~\\(G\\), he constructs a corresponding periodic instanton. Moreover, he shows that this association is injective. This is one direction of a conjecture of \\textit{H. Garland} and \\textit{M. K. Murray} [Commun. Math. Phys. 120, 335-351 (1988; Zbl 0699.53094)]. Garland and Murray based their conjecture on the corresponding statement for monopoles, in which case the holomorphic mapping from the Riemann sphere has values in a homogeneous space for \\(G\\) itself.    This is a subtle piece of work. The main tool is an adaptation of Donaldson's heat flow method. This flow moves an `approximate' periodic instanton into an exact one. It is more difficult than in Donaldson's original setting because the manifold in question is no longer compact.    Some questions remain, especially concerning boundary behaviour. The periodic instantons that the author constructs have finite energy but their behaviour at infinity in \\({\\mathbb R}^3\\) is unclear. He suggests that his heat flow technique may establish the natural boundary behaviour.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1583868$26D19A07-0521-4FE2-8C15-8A48E2DA7D0A","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"841034fb704b3b2a40172bcb60205e84ea76c7da","datavalue":{"value":"58D27","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1583868$FA196547-4CF1-431F-A11F-DFCBC57C17C5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b31fb1aee4bf037741a5c5c877b65bd025e3034b","datavalue":{"value":"22E67","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1583868$B8D0BD30-3B61-43EC-BEE3-72C851932F1A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"aa0f45b4ec202080e154cf083acca9bc287b6b2c","datavalue":{"value":"70S15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1583868$1FD1A35A-1085-4A12-8B53-0917FC49B2B9","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"26b0fcb3bf8bbd31a9206a6360268db32294250a","datavalue":{"value":"1523444","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1583868$D54BE975-EAE4-427E-8A1B-CEF037E75413","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"979b404bcd8999675b57d4f0816f021616a4e7eb","datavalue":{"value":"caloron","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1583868$D957B899-3F02-456E-B4EA-9ADDB8765E15","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7dd77c12ba3b1e172b909ab3d40f65fcc774eab6","datavalue":{"value":"instanton","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1583868$1C77E2FC-AB28-4950-8209-989BF2CAC3E8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3e769768a0f3251a81b1cca4b326b08887e94179","datavalue":{"value":"monopole","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1583868$6DB8E677-671C-4C98-93CD-85BB2E93D19E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5f98f714fc2a2ac0498b49039abeb513426c4e22","datavalue":{"value":"moduli","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1583868$FBEF008C-AFFE-41C8-A50B-34FB06DC1E84","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c9feca9a5673bf530a88f60527a04e48a05501cc","datavalue":{"value":"loop group","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1583868$514929A5-432C-429E-BEF7-5ECB0BF0951D","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"5e5bfe42436564b5744783859cddcef9d963354b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1163271,"id":"Q1163271"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1583868$F2A3CF09-C9CE-4E07-9190-9AEBA7101097","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1583868$95B90199-4C08-4853-90DB-07DA264CA418","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"ed1675713585f33b15f614a4eb15f0078fafedd6","datavalue":{"value":"W3104400062","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1583868$79BFFD3F-6F19-4BAD-A43A-2CD2CDAB892E","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"946a3277c645c5c9c76ac6b62cfd1a74dd6fcb4a","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S002200000226","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1583868$3360D671-9E8E-43E9-B686-DD471EDE924F","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"422d8fb113570d4d7b738379dcc07f73a66ee3f0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":913297,"id":"Q913297"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8f48847cfdd8430ff81b00248b0e7c7eec99a7ad","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8393868","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1583868$0112FAA6-1A0C-427E-9721-EA8E578B8523","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"328f9b21175049ff67b3510b5083ab5741996605","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1570683,"id":"Q1570683"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"cb4019503c485aca0aaccc67b7d7400c07aa8e46","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7821867","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1583868$E4CC2582-AA5A-4CFD-9585-8FB3F5AA3E36","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"51a213138f5a5e4e118aa081904b9984d01f20e3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5940400,"id":"Q5940400"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6daba1bf7c0af250a91bdccc7b5de07266ca09a6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.75408834","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1583868$F81EB024-6700-4BAE-859B-D839F763AF7C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ada54a8e962ae10aa48c372adfae8ddd2b77ce00","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3988301,"id":"Q3988301"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2fd9260d9edc48e41be7dcde075bb3ef07245ef2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7380362","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1583868$5CD5DD79-2F2D-48B8-9330-E80313D0A488","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6d1e7ba7f60258750238f7927a5cd2131aa97d7b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":447070,"id":"Q447070"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9af8ad74e79a53a3cbd62c728a225867acabe8d4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.73754317","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1583868$D7AEC1D2-B48E-4B8A-ADBD-F96462586817","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a4a7eff9922686f2c28180c07f588bea9fb06377","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6076995,"id":"Q6076995"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9330be138ba908a11777a1e65250975476d72081","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7345284","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1583868$B0EFF91E-0D35-45D3-854D-69F3B9D57CB3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a08a59105d225dd277b2c862d5697e069e2581e1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4575970,"id":"Q4575970"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"cde6920fad421052818335c13c1b31843ac3664d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7315345","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1583868$151A7355-C039-41C1-8912-336459FA29E3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d8716e396b9fe451005dd17218d4bdcc25a63c03","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1812535,"id":"Q1812535"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"facabd2fc6bb43d574a2c1c1b366ec24af057800","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7226274","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1583868$D2B1B3E8-3257-45F4-8BC5-A034B00A1521","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c717b31284b5e9a5949cc053eb60b0e3e9437035","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1068412,"id":"Q1068412"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e7b29208376089c7698d1d4f50a7847ba9127b78","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7210794","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1583868$C00F919E-4285-4EF3-8CD7-0ABA8FCF7822","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Periodic instantons and the loop group","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Periodic_instantons_and_the_loop_group"}}}}}