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The paper under review is concerned with the existence of extremal metrics for the \\(L^2\\)-norm of scalar curvature functional  \\[  Ss(g) = \\text{vol}(M,g)^\\frac{1}{3} \\int_M R^2 d\\mu \\]  restricted to the conformal class \\(g \\in [g_0]\\). This functional is scale invariant and the Euler-Lagrange equation is given by  \\[ \\Delta R + \\frac{1}{8} R^2 - \\frac{1}{8} r = 0,\\tag{1} \\]  where \\(R, d\\mu\\) and \\(\\Delta\\) denote the scalar curvature, volume form and Laplacian with respect to the metric \\(g\\) and \\(\\text{vol}(M,g) = \\int_M d \\mu\\). In this paper the authors consider the flow of \\(Ss(g)\\) on a given conformal class:  \\[ \\frac{\\partial \\lambda}{\\partial t} = \\Delta R + \\frac{1}{8} R^2 \\frac{1}{8} r\\tag{2} \\]  with initial conditions \\(g = e^{2\\lambda}g_0\\); \\((x,0) = \\lambda_0(x)\\) and \\(\\int_M e^{3\\lambda_0} d \\mu_0 = \\int_M d \\mu_0\\), where \\(\\lambda : M \\times [0, \\infty) \\to{\\mathbb R}\\) is a smooth function. The short time existence of solutions for (1) is well-known [\\textit{S.-C. Chang}, Tsing Hua lectures on geometry and analysis, 1990-91, 41-50 (1997; Zbl 0898.58053)]. In this paper, the authors prove the long-time existence and asymptotic convergence of solutions of (1) on \\(M^3 \\times [0, \\infty)\\). The main results are the following (throughout this review, \\((M, g_0\\)) is assumed to be a closed \\(3\\)-manifold with a background metric \\(g_0)\\):    Theorem A. If \\(\\lambda\\) satisfies (1) on \\([0, T)\\) with \\(\\lambda \\geq H\\) for some positive constant \\(H\\) which is independent of \\(t\\), then the solution of (1) exists on \\(M \\times [0, \\infty)\\).    Theorem B. Under the same assumptions as in Theorem A, there exists a subsequence of solutions \\(\\{e^{2\\lambda(t)}g_0\\}\\) of (1) on \\(M \\times [0, \\infty]\\) which converges smoothly to an extremal metric \\(g_\\infty\\) satisfying (2).    On the other hand, let  \\[ Q(M,g_0) = \\inf_{\\phi \\neq 0} \\frac{ \\int (|\\nabla_0 \\phi|^2 + = \\frac{1}{8} R_0 \\phi^2) d \\mu_0} {\\left(\\int \\phi^6 d \\mu_0\\right)^{\\frac{1}{3}}}.  \\]  This is often called the conformal invariant and note that if \\(Q(M, g_0) < 0\\), then \\(M\\) admits a metric of negative constant scalar curvature in the conformal class \\([g_0]\\). The third main result is the following.    Theorem C. If \\(Q(M,g_0) < 0\\) and \\(\\lambda\\) satisfies (1), then the same conclusions as in Theorem A and B follow.    As an application, the Yamabe problem is recovered. If \\(R_\\infty \\leq (\\frac{\\int R_\\infty^2 d\\mu_\\infty} {\\int d \\mu_\\infty})^{\\frac{1}{2}}\\), then it follows from (2) that \\(R_\\infty\\) is a subharmonic function and so it must be a constant. Thus \\(g_\\infty\\) is a metric resolving the Yamabe problem. It is enough to estimate \\(\\lambda\\) to show the long-time existence of solutions for evolution equation such as (1). The authors obtain a \\(C^0\\)-bound and a \\(W_{k, 2}\\)-bound for \\(\\lambda\\) on \\([0, T)\\) by using the standard Moser iteration method and the Harnack estimate obtained from their key estimate, called the mass decay estimate,  \\[  \\frac{d}{d t} \\int_M e^{4\\lambda} d\\mu_0 \\leq I_0 + I_1 \\int_M = e^{4\\lambda} d \\mu_0,  \\]  where the positive constants \\(I_0\\) and \\(I_1\\) depend only on the metric \\(g_0\\). Then Theorem A follows directly from the bounds on \\(\\lambda\\). However the bounds on \\(\\lambda\\) may depend usually on \\(T\\). The authors obtain the uniform bounds from a mass decay estimate and this implies Theorem B. Finally, if \\(Q(M, g_0) < 0\\), then it follows from [\\textit{M. J. Gursky}, Duke Math. J. 72, 339-367 (1993; Zbl 0809.53040)] that \\(\\lambda \\geq - H\\) for some constant \\(H\\). Applying this to Theorem A and B, one can obtain Theorem 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