{"entities":{"Q1587623":{"pageid":1598363,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1587623","lastrevid":71371491,"modified":"2026-04-13T21:49:23Z","type":"item","id":"Q1587623","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Idempotent endomorphisms of a graph"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1538223"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1587623$0BA7ADE4-32E4-4C25-954B-9F6514A10691","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"042bbabda87dcf39c62decd7146e15bba4f76d44","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Idempotent endomorphisms of a graph","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1587623$2D70CF1F-5DEA-47B3-8D36-FEA86FA7AEED","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"1fcb1a055c9fc56337b202b9a3e0321b50f274c3","datavalue":{"value":"0965.05055","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1587623$B12E12C0-EA2F-4470-8B8F-A6365F7A2F32","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"0dc12687b7651bf354d3ece9f62f1e41e049138c","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/S0012-365X(00)00105-9","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1587623$7275AE79-075D-44F4-AF3F-E2A1F24F4CE8","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"d06d68a992e7a6c62457b9ff273acf7136ee4e1c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":166303,"id":"Q166303"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1587623$E5CB1D01-5A42-494F-B794-6CDBB08B96D9","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"38665fe4ed2b835132254a58832c329597060029","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":175483,"id":"Q175483"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1587623$A070D327-B96B-4C0A-994E-EDEC08BAA7A4","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"21322b4cee4b692416038f019edfba12057d18cd","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2001-07-23T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1587623$E8262796-3650-4D37-92E9-6F2C7C59EC67","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"f0bb924ddad2f9b5617c59a78cf2a0a833552b32","datavalue":{"value":"Graphs considered are finite, undirected, without loops and multiple edges. A graph \\(G\\) is called \\(S\\)-unretractive if \\(\\text{sEnd}(G) = \\text{Aut}(G)\\), rigid if \\(\\text{End}(G) = \\{\\text{id}_G\\}\\) and asymmetric if \\(\\text{Aut}(G) = \\{\\text{id}_G\\}\\). A graph endormorphism is called strong if it preserves and reflects edges, \\(\\text{sEnd}(G)\\) denotes the monoid of strong endomorphisms of \\(G\\). The graph congruence \\(\\tau\\) identifies vertices which have the same neighbors.    The main results are: (1) All idempotent endomorphisms of a graph \\(G\\) are strong iff \\(\\text{Aut}(G/\\tau)= \\text{End}(G/\\tau)\\). (2) All nonbijective strong endomorphisms of a graph \\(G\\) are idempotent iff either \\(G\\) is \\(S\\)-unretractive, or \\(G/\\tau\\) is asymmetric and there is exactly one \\(\\tau\\)-class of cardinality 2 while all the others have cardinality~1.    Combination of the two results gives: Let \\(G\\) be a graph. Then \\(\\text{Idpt}(G) = (\\text{sEnd}(G)\\backslash \\text{Aut}(G)) \\cup \\{\\text{id}_G\\}\\) if and only if either \\(G\\) is unretractive, or \\(G/\\tau\\) is rigid and there is exactly one \\(\\tau\\)-class of cardinality 2 while all the others have cardinality 1.   The author cites a result characterizing graphs with completely regular monoid \\(\\text{sEnd}(G)\\) and proves by examples that the condition on idempotents in (1) implies complete regularity, not so the condition on idempotents in (2). Conversely, complete regularity does not imply either condition.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1587623$CCE10C98-E185-49B4-A294-5C3B6A3B793B","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"74e7832a915a62c417a3bf8c026eff5989fd94d3","datavalue":{"value":"05C25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1587623$84D36CEC-FB71-41B3-8498-13B39ADCFCF8","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"00d910d56b5cf3036fb5fac4985d1759a3dd6013","datavalue":{"value":"1538223","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1587623$F538D2DE-7557-45FF-BA34-14BE3FA2F223","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f4851b1f9b02815a1fa7adb193132f7805716e4b","datavalue":{"value":"unretractive","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1587623$CD98B41A-F845-4E18-A19C-EBE265B109C4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"df748226cbd0e8dbad6f74b16a1b33f66ca69ac8","datavalue":{"value":"strong endomorphism","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1587623$99F8F2E3-C308-4061-9354-8F82B4B235C5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"60f2315b98b3b5069daa48fcf8e139df6eef1965","datavalue":{"value":"idempotent","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1587623$8FBC7428-9478-4633-9329-443B3F19AC5E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"132f1266b1bf7628cebce077f619f3c47a2d6a69","datavalue":{"value":"completely regular","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1587623$68E8F06A-F6AF-41CE-8CFC-93B065C7C0E7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e552b27a6cd7e9eb465f2c07a1de246b4b027f08","datavalue":{"value":"rigid","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1587623$4189408D-4FE8-4809-A747-1472E5C34FE9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"bc4840dfa1d532e39d40e80732f85b77aa2a245f","datavalue":{"value":"asymmetric","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1587623$5F0F3A2D-59AC-4161-9EE0-69B77FCEBDF0","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"85e4af3c816f7ac40605750dbfec22d9e5ba7cdc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":207731,"id":"Q207731"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1587623$D6C563FA-A690-4F8A-8CCF-C0253444A194","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1587623$BE85A66F-B274-47FF-BF56-7E14ED25C5AD","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"7577d41455847296ac8111aa2f38e849898fb231","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-365x(00)00105-9","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1587623$37700845-361B-43FC-A542-CD90301A92A1","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"2e0d7c0a6f49fb77e43cb07e244cc758711486bd","datavalue":{"value":"W2001064818","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1587623$C78E25C0-0EAA-44B3-8A65-06F89377E375","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a9a27eb64fd1f820fe0ab39e0319d7e1b7f0e357","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1969087,"id":"Q1969087"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6d8e11410b549a075cdaec9cb2dcc91c4c21250a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8417385220527649","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1587623$EB7F99BB-2FB8-4068-884C-AC68A15672D7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e9d7bbfe52396af0836b77541bbf0c219acb4e79","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2735380,"id":"Q2735380"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6d8e11410b549a075cdaec9cb2dcc91c4c21250a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8417385220527649","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1587623$98F29C93-8CC1-4F11-B9BB-637421D71202","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"447ccb30ba8016d0d4cfc691352ca3ccc3dd90d7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1333176,"id":"Q1333176"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0e3f7b049b6ed584d02c74f87005623d62a21b69","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.836776852607727","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1587623$102FFC10-AF2C-4576-BAB0-247138AE7512","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f79a5e57ac514ea0932bdd0792b66b6ac266dd20","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4311760,"id":"Q4311760"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"36351ef412e126d00abd312787080cc26694dc81","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8067445158958435","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1587623$5FBD7FD4-57E6-4B79-958E-59FB7C6BE2F2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"79520938c17d9590d5e11d47a1b2f91484496f1d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4392209,"id":"Q4392209"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d05ce6aa4fdb5c32938e3ce3b99236cca551c3e7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8022056221961975","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1587623$72A93F6E-DD89-4EDD-9319-F237EB062E62","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Idempotent endomorphisms of a graph","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Idempotent_endomorphisms_of_a_graph"}}}}}