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Smale} [Ann. Math. (2) 69, 327-344 (1959; Zbl 0089.18201)] proved that there exists a bijection \\(\\Omega:\\mathbf{Imm}\\to Z\\), the infinite cyclic group. The connected sum of immersions, defined by \\textit{M. A. Kervaire}, induces a group structure on \\(\\mathbf{Imm}\\) and makes the bijection \\(\\Omega\\), mentioned above, an isomorphism [Comment. Math. Helv. 33, 121-131 (1959; Zbl 0089.18202)].   Smale suggested the following problems: (1) Find explicit representatives of regular homotopy classes of immersions. (2) What regular homotopy classes have an embedding for a representative?   The author studies these two problems. As for the first problem (1), the author constructs immersions \\(f_{\\frac{1}{2}m}:S^3\\to \\mathbb{R}^5\\) \\((m\\in Z)\\) and shows that \\(f_{\\frac{1}{2}m}\\) represents \\(\\Omega^{-1}(m)\\in\\mathbf{Imm}\\) (Proposition 8.3.1).   The set \\(\\mathbf{Emb}\\) denotes the subgroup of \\(\\mathbf{Imm}\\), each class of which contains embeddings. \\textit{J. F. Hughes} and \\textit{P. M. Melvin} proved that \\(\\mathbf{Emb}\\) is of index 24 [Comment. Math. Helv. 60, 615-627 (1985; Zbl 0586.57017)]. The author defines two regular homotopy invariants \\(\\lambda\\in Z_3\\) (in \\S 6) and \\(\\beta\\in Z_8\\) (in \\S 8) for immersions of \\(S^3\\) into \\(\\mathbb{R}^5\\) geometrically, and solves the second problem (2) in Theorem 1 as follows: \\(\\lambda \\oplus\\beta:\\mathbf{Imm}\\to Z_3\\oplus Z_8\\) is an epimorphism and \\(\\xi\\in\\mathbf{Imm}\\) has an embedding if and only if both \\(\\lambda(\\xi)=0\\) and \\(\\beta (\\xi)=0\\) hold.   During the study of Smale's problem, the author constructs two linearly independent first order invariants \\(J\\) and \\(L\\) of generic immersions of \\(S^3\\) into \\(\\mathbb{R}^5\\), which are similar to those on curves introduced by \\textit{V. I. Arnold} [Adv. Sov. Math. 21, 33-91 (1994; Zbl 0864.57027)], and proves in Theorem 2 that any first order invariant is a linear combination of \\(J\\) and \\(L\\) on each path component of the space of immersions of \\(S^3\\) into \\(\\mathbb{R}^5\\).   Moreover, the author gets some interesting results (Theorems 3-5), which are called by-products by the author, of generic immersions of \\(S^3\\) into \\(\\mathbb{R}^4\\). 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