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Such a characterization needs the knowledge of the spectrum of \\(A\\) and the characteristic polynomial of the perturbated matrices \\(tA + X\\), \\(t \\in \\mathbb{C},X \\in \\mathbb{C}^{n \\times n}\\).    Denoting by \\(\\phi_{k}(tA+X)\\) the coefficient of \\(\\lambda^{n-k}\\) in the characteristic polynomial of \\(tA +X\\), it is proved that the numbers  \\[  m_k(A) := \\max \\deg \\phi_{k}(tA+X), \\quad k=1,2,\\cdots,n, \\quad \\forall X \\in \\mathbb{C}^{n \\times n}  \\]  \\noindent completely characterize the part of the Jordan matrix associated to the eigenvalue \\(0\\). The Jordan structure associated to other eigenvalues is obtained by substituting \\(A\\) for \\(A - \\lambda_i I\\). It is worth noting that the coefficients \\(\\phi_{k}(tA+X)\\) are polynomials in \\(t\\).    More specifically, if \\(\\lambda_i\\) is of algebraic multiplicity \\(n-p\\) then the corresponding Jordan block will have a \\(1\\) above the principal diagonal in the row \\(k < n-p\\), if and only if, \\(m_{k+p+1}(A - \\lambda_i I) =m_{k+p}(A- \\lambda_i I) + 1.\\)    As an application a proof of a known theorem of \\textit{L. Baribeau} and \\textit{T. J. Ransford} [Bull. Lond. Math. 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