{"entities":{"Q1594778":{"pageid":1605518,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1594778","lastrevid":67998867,"modified":"2026-04-12T20:46:14Z","type":"item","id":"Q1594778","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Some congruences for binomial coefficients. II"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1561771"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1594778$0539BA2D-A1CA-4E42-BC1E-1591762AACB4","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"0a025f014af7ff159d7b267273c6f44afc756a18","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Some congruences for binomial coefficients. II","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1594778$DD15777E-EDFD-4186-9492-2826AEF21AFF","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"e4de464d685bb77fd3348feff7baef7aa4e5458b","datavalue":{"value":"0971.11046","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1594778$A08D4B0B-205D-4385-A9D7-F82C75127D4C","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"cbf71cf5ce9b79e857cad3a6563efbed78a513d4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":241626,"id":"Q241626"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1594778$EFD1D3E5-57DC-4D3C-BF82-918E13A8A68C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"d57b2db17b372f31e30d0d8cfb74589f30fba4d6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":241627,"id":"Q241627"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1594778$1649BC03-1855-453F-ADD4-0483173087AC","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"f3f6c7b78c5b27fc48ae0a7d3dd3bb661f120eab","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":168532,"id":"Q168532"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1594778$68906E42-7FFC-4880-859B-24F2519AD8F3","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"8571f4051f9188b435428274bae116c77e39585c","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2001-02-07T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1594778$F440CFCF-217E-419E-93F0-BB05C7699515","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"48ab949866119974e66d761eaef5b1aef9882cfc","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(p= tn+r\\) be a prime where \\(t\\), \\(n\\), \\(r\\) are positive integers \\((1\\leq r\\leq t-1)\\) and either (1)~\\(t= k>3\\) for a prime \\(k\\equiv 3\\pmod 4\\) or (2) \\(t=4k\\) for a prime \\(k\\equiv 1\\pmod 4\\). Let \\(H\\) be the subgroup with the operator \\(r\\) of \\((\\mathbb{Z}/t\\mathbb{Z})^\\times\\) isomorphic to \\(\\text{Gal} (\\mathbb{Q}(\\xi_t)/ \\mathbb{Q}(\\sqrt{-t}))\\), \\(h\\) be the class number of \\(\\mathbb{Q}(\\sqrt{-t})\\), \\(s= \\frac{\\varphi(t)} {2}\\) and \\(d= ((p^s-1)/t) (t-1)= \\sum_{j=0}^{s-1} d_j p^j\\) \\((0\\leq d_j< p)\\). The existence of integers \\(a\\), \\(b\\) was shown by the authors [Proc. Class Field Theory -- its Centenary and Prospect (1998), Adv. Stud. Pure Math. 30, 445-461 (2001)] such that \\(4p^h= a^2+ tb^2\\) and  \\[ a\\equiv\\pm \\prod_{j=0}^{s-1} (d_j)!\\pmod p. \\]  If we consider \\(k=1\\) and \\(r=1\\), then we get Gauss' statement \\(a\\equiv \\binom {2n}{n}\\pmod p\\) \\((4p= a^2+ 4b^2\\), \\(\\frac{a}{2}\\equiv 1\\pmod 4)\\).    The main result of this paper determines the sign of \\(a\\) in the following sense: In case (1)~\\(a\\equiv 2p^\\beta\\pmod t\\) and \\(a\\equiv (-1)^\\beta \\prod_{j=0}^{s-1} (d_j)!\\pmod p\\) and in case (2) \\(a\\equiv -p^\\beta\\pmod k\\) and \\(2a\\equiv (-1)^\\alpha \\prod_{j=0}^{k-2} (d_j)!\\pmod p\\).    The integer \\(\\beta\\) is defined by  \\[ \\beta= \\Bigl( \\sum_{1\\leq i\\leq t, -i\\in H} i\\Bigr)/t \\]  and \\(\\alpha= s-\\beta\\). To prove these results some equalities on Eisenstein sums are presented.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1594778$8E835443-7AC6-43DC-B7ED-F1E6B035EA08","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"11c6ee72db6a1595c302ec495a8cbae324d7c3a3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":551312,"id":"Q551312"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1594778$BCBD2661-8EE4-4F0B-878A-34BB1E687A15","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"6ad3000e766f35ee7c20ebe1be8367e129650e33","datavalue":{"value":"11L05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1594778$92055F70-153E-4D01-B06D-D65FB17650EE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"39ab029ef1ffc0108491685a9e1c1f5aa3d57a73","datavalue":{"value":"11T24","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1594778$F36D051C-BDF3-4AED-955C-EC8D4BE18359","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"34693e52bda3b7dbf741569b62f785c0e006d8ef","datavalue":{"value":"11B65","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1594778$D7A2BEAC-510E-4644-925D-B8E162128320","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"6321ce6a9565f5f3e695a7afbb7a3eee2274d95d","datavalue":{"value":"11A07","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1594778$956EC97F-DFB0-4D29-A636-E803F68FFB1D","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"d3d2fffbde89b68ea37115ca41a29283412e8494","datavalue":{"value":"1561771","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1594778$0379101B-09BC-4BB1-908C-6E0FA62A0589","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c419747130bee2c9b00824fbc58a506c8834ffc9","datavalue":{"value":"Gauss sum","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1594778$5843F4EF-F4C4-421E-835B-0AB6028F9C62","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"830861174504cca50fd0eb824febb457622a163b","datavalue":{"value":"Eisenstein sum","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1594778$0E41FFAD-98E3-45CD-8568-06FEA3BABD8E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"47ccf779a32104cce9a210c450df4fecae281ec1","datavalue":{"value":"binomial coefficients","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1594778$66DD6B6F-E068-40E6-BCEB-2D482BEE74F2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b14cd685c98a4ba07bb03380be5fdb0df906771e","datavalue":{"value":"congruences","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1594778$D181B33E-F47A-4836-8E07-6B13728DED77","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1594778$24C52F4D-FC65-47D0-95E6-00661901AC1C","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"f96e9faffcdf8a3ee233b9b96edfdaf23c836b40","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.3792/pjaa.76.104","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1594778$BAC40E6C-3402-4120-82BE-DA88D491290C","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"90a2d52e8c453eb8fe10314688a013a45fd713c5","datavalue":{"value":"W1981776521","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1594778$2190CA38-A31B-4C37-8894-A52FA79A5691","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e34c673d35aff55c8e065f163a63c5a57954c2f7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4382830,"id":"Q4382830"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1594778$3DD109DD-A31C-4342-B8A4-20C090CD3247","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"22ccc8915167d2caf1545a4dddb5a26a1f7e93f0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4541493,"id":"Q4541493"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1594778$AC22C023-00D8-49C1-9B14-68153D6ACAF3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3edf9ecf3fdd8c54d2a3ddf73344c93303eadaff","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3995821,"id":"Q3995821"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1594778$539734ED-047F-4310-8271-8B9BDDE72AFE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"de57c686c88698187f3d7150262d43e2441ea67f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5961000,"id":"Q5961000"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1594778$064A4B38-2402-4271-8E62-48F402FEE19D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b30d5e572a2001443c05483b553f3cfd7bc29775","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5690489,"id":"Q5690489"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1594778$67DF94D1-D462-4D59-9CDF-1BDA471B529C","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"84ea262595b3888d1088bf3d2f1d0594c357fab8","datavalue":{"value":"10.3792/PJAA.76.104","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1594778$DA48399E-02BF-4AB4-A66E-72CFAAE46FC5","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"96d3a89f549eae7d3feea83d795e2da92d8ac004","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4541493,"id":"Q4541493"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2b8a15fc526cb800786f5f3ba23fa83e44057125","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8537341356277466","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1594778$F5FA4A01-580D-4519-9644-B1ADDFB69CAE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"68f802f4dd2af8ff9a71f0cd3201ebfc6c16342f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5961000,"id":"Q5961000"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"85e43716988d1e1a893e0f71afa0cbe348658eac","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8459663987159729","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1594778$E662A326-8AB3-477C-AFB8-56ADF211349E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"95080693b7545491a55faf56fde6b53ba32dd8ae","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1078220,"id":"Q1078220"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d1e1891421ca0a6e769db8c179aa395223cb1854","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8394036293029785","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1594778$D5B5A25F-824A-4947-B07B-729538B71F05","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"86be216ce7f3c6716ca9a3bc9d1b9ad7f618cc78","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1823972,"id":"Q1823972"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1d5b7c051cc8f62a7735aea47382d8a51b56a808","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8184825778007507","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1594778$51C6D0D3-F137-4BB8-8748-D20AB17F8444","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"105a4577202156aaf60e8996a29b5efb8483ede1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5478110,"id":"Q5478110"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e85bcb926bdff77d2fdfa5bce09cd403db7e7742","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.811176598072052","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1594778$FC2CA7EE-E773-4926-B1CD-9C464349C395","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Some congruences for binomial coefficients. II","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Some_congruences_for_binomial_coefficients._II"}}}}}