{"entities":{"Q1596461":{"pageid":1607201,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1596461","lastrevid":43232360,"modified":"2025-07-22T15:25:08Z","type":"item","id":"Q1596461","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Inequalities between Dirichlet and Neumann eigenvalues for domains in spheres."}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1743678"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1596461$FD94C07A-00CF-44E0-927F-2C3382AE032F","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"81aec3043b979d36cb23c80e8670d5a16ef5bc6e","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Inequalities between Dirichlet and Neumann eigenvalues for domains in spheres.","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1596461$3AC4924D-20A9-4227-A581-769E924727A0","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"8fb7388539f5ec6de4bda4dd98ea5cb972abbeae","datavalue":{"value":"1115.35361","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1596461$169D7AFF-C0B9-496D-98B8-B985481A3BD5","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"107ebe23d4a0378be499c27b61bcc8f475eab052","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":817289,"id":"Q817289"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1596461$7B9D3149-4038-4874-B715-E3DC0F04E532","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"affea85117c2fc30b2a70595c8f339b747185142","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":514749,"id":"Q514749"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1596461$A70A6C55-F44B-428C-8A67-B9F3CC457948","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"fc770cd89d4fae0e8d7b267c7a43d9a33ef28782","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":168175,"id":"Q168175"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1596461$EFC64ABF-B976-479B-AB43-0C912FA7C6F8","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"7e979742b6018ec8d2c4ac57cbc76c09f8b49242","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2002-05-22T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1596461$5606B977-FC2B-4D66-ABD7-DB8A68B34181","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"eec367c364a8f9d2742d0b88c5b8e6319131bbd1","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(M\\) be a compact Riemannian manifold with smooth boundary \\(\\partial M\\) and let \\(0<\\lambda_1<\\lambda_2 \\leq \\lambda_3 \\leq \\cdots\\) and \\(0=\\mu_0<\\mu_1 \\leq \\mu_2 \\leq \\cdots\\) be the Dirichlet and Neumann eigenvalues, respectively, of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on \\(M\\). Many relations between the Dirichlet and Neumann eigenvalues are known. For example, the variational characterization of the eigenvalues implies that \\(\\mu_{k-1}\\leq \\lambda_k\\) for \\(k=1,2,\\cdots\\). For compact subdomains of Euclidean space, \\textit{L.~Friedlander} [Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal. 116, No. 2, 153--160 (1991; Zbl 0789.35124)] proved that \\(\\mu_k\\leq \\lambda_k\\) for \\(k=1,2,\\cdots\\). This result was extended to compact subdomains of symmetric spaces of noncompact type by \\textit{R.~Mazzeo} [Int. Math. Res. Not. 1991, No. 4, 41--48 (1991; Zbl 0752.58035)], but it is false in general. Indeed, \\(\\mu_1>\\lambda_1\\) for a geodesic ball \\(B(r)\\) of radius \\(r\\) in the unit sphere \\({\\mathbf S}^n\\) if \\(B(r)\\) contains a hemisphere.  Here the authors study the case of subdomains of \\({\\mathbf S}^n\\). Adopting the sign convention that the second fundamental form of the boundary of the geodesic ball \\(B(r)\\) has second fundamental form \\(-(\\cot r)\\delta_{ij}\\), they prove the following. If \\(M\\) is a subdomain of \\({\\mathbf S}^n\\) with smooth boundary \\(\\partial M\\) of nonpositive mean curvature, then \\(\\mu_k\\leq \\lambda_k\\) for \\(k=1,2,\\cdots\\). Moreover, if equality holds for some \\(k\\), then \\(\\partial M\\) is a minimal hypersurface.   A second result is the following. If \\(M\\) is as above, but now the second fundamental form of \\(\\partial M\\) is nonpositive, then \\(\\mu_{k+n_0}\\leq \\lambda_k\\) for \\(k=1,2,\\cdots\\) where \\(n_0=\\left[{{n-1}\\over 2}\\right]\\), the greatest integer less than or equal to \\({{n-1}\\over 2}\\).   The proof uses a technique of \\textit{H. A.~Levine} and \\textit{H. F. Weinberger} [Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal. 94, 193--208 (1986; Zbl 0608.35047)] for constructing suitable test functions.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1596461$68FF2FD7-7C0E-48CB-8A8E-CAAA88BE5B16","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"c1ff52699056904a3e9bbfab1173d6dee162953f","datavalue":{"value":"35P15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1596461$F54A500C-B0B1-42F9-B6DE-5301C9E6E932","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"13acb7e2709a32922d207c5e3774264107168969","datavalue":{"value":"53C21","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1596461$043477C8-36C5-4787-AD1C-CA9C1DE457F4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ac5363adcb936e5da736a8382ff776775f1e7e29","datavalue":{"value":"58J50","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1596461$CD1372A3-4C3C-4FEE-A267-56C3D3492C02","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"b181c648f5b2ffcae9985d223a1f3749a965e8c8","datavalue":{"value":"1743678","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1596461$D34CB356-E89A-4691-86B8-C03EF7521559","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ab74df9ab9881b950bad9003fbebce490baaf7ce","datavalue":{"value":"Laplace-Beltrami operator","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1596461$A6236DA4-0486-459E-9C83-93C7E6CDC620","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1950f53ae52b4491476638d3d990ada01f09bbea","datavalue":{"value":"Dirichlet eigenvalue","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1596461$6A38971A-8C9D-4BA6-A49F-8FEE46FC4312","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"22815ee4bbc17922fbc2ec17e01f2b554f482415","datavalue":{"value":"Neumann eigenvalue","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1596461$E93AB934-B8AE-4B59-93B0-68CBF3C0623F","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"190b08fe33db2eb82a271be6e4599ded9fd3a3fd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":582456,"id":"Q582456"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1596461$CE2D5A85-10DA-49C8-A83D-ECE636614CD3","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1596461$59843DBF-0068-495F-839C-852A7AED7E66","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"2e1b722c4a760ad5288735c6eee29a30dc312f16","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.11650/twjm/1500574993","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1596461$5A969EF5-AD4C-465C-9BAD-B9CED7BBDD5E","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"ebcd6f379b0da70b86ee59a12d9cf1c1f9a80fdf","datavalue":{"value":"W1840765890","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1596461$F5A5A7A3-A7B2-416A-BDE0-EAE7E0AA2D6C","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"f8050bbb0755af0e3cea1d7aab7c8cf5b6dc7bdc","datavalue":{"value":"10.11650/TWJM/1500574993","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1596461$C34ADF6B-A950-4E24-A320-E64367727771","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2952fa083f9818f680b33516010c8ba0f4f755dd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3140029,"id":"Q3140029"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e34b7862e0ff2c242797b16125842e571b8a9941","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7769385","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1596461$400E8D29-1332-4BCE-8B7B-264BA27C1F90","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"056511145f54da20392a805db15ecff70612d668","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5932130,"id":"Q5932130"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0be2d6bce12d75ac93786962eb1fe03aab86929a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.77401495","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1596461$6024A42A-D4BD-45C2-B475-A9FBDFBEDE75","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3aa400b15a91754d181c0b0b9260ac2db0de2aa1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2310486,"id":"Q2310486"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4f5f137e9ef966f5f1d56c994a384d878bf05de2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.75165135","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1596461$CCAF3065-93FE-49D6-BC72-D0438969EA86","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ee24cc192ee04ad588dfade6cb2b36ee059b8684","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":950693,"id":"Q950693"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9d3d28a3885803ccf088dad2e3a746725f7dcc11","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.74735594","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1596461$47256AFA-7EB3-413F-A64C-056B1D8152D7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9e54ceeb877716a035187fde8fddac8c3b7ee5fd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3625567,"id":"Q3625567"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7f8df819312a23e541fc012825cab7a5809f8f89","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.746291","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1596461$438A4461-ACEB-4094-918B-FC4C74D9A43C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"595acd6fed6213dd4faded5139c11924bbf00e22","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6069305,"id":"Q6069305"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"77108216de21d82c40a63e2eeeae0cd84e76b0e4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.74570626","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1596461$177986D5-A65E-4532-8D37-C7AE7914E7BE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0687fb5cf1f3b50486cd8d222e28b2bdaf4ce595","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5714414,"id":"Q5714414"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"972569d819e94f7bc9ce886fc7b998c86ee40473","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7438823","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1596461$6A7E0AB1-554E-4C89-92B9-CF97D7AC8157","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"da12a24d3283b569027f677e128575de275fce55","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3488922,"id":"Q3488922"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ba080619cc86a7867ed3fa0a5e89cbfed442c59c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7436219","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1596461$F8F3E765-FDEC-4B7D-ACE5-71537019392F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f2078a9426c06502a026be2748b3be87f6bdcec9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1373449,"id":"Q1373449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"fd2c834259da65b4d3653fc01be6f56acddf6af8","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7433716","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1596461$2FB50BF3-6F01-444F-A803-3E8CC984CC38","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2319105a3e53492f4b5c5f59f992b1fc204083d2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4203493,"id":"Q4203493"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"28b006cd992d12ad8a7a7b7bcc9abfac745e4c60","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7432788","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1596461$8422D488-960D-49D9-81BE-4128EBC565E1","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1596461","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1596461"}}}}}