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The Kepler conjecture, stated by Kepler in 1611, asserts: Any packing of unit spheres in \\(\\mathbb{R}^3\\) has upper packing density \\(\\pi/18\\) (the density of the face-centered cubic lattice).   In recent years T. C. Hales has developed an approach for proving this based on finding a local density inequality that gives a (sharp) upper bound on the density. In 1998 he announced a proof, completed with the help of S. P. Ferguson. The proof is computer intensive, and involves checking over 5000 subproblems. It involves several new ideas which are indicated in Sections 4 and 5.   The objects of this paper are:   (i) To formulate local density inequalities for sphere packings in arbitrary dimension \\(\\mathbb{R}^n\\), in sufficient generality to include the known candidates for optimal local inequalities in \\(\\mathbb{R}^3\\).   (ii) To review the history of local density inequalities for three-dimensional sphere packing and the Kepler conjecture.   (iii) To give a precise statement of the local density inequality considered in the Hales-Ferguson approach.   (iv) To outline some features of the Hales-Ferguson proof.   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