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In this manner, the authors provide a general definition of a variational pair \\((X,\\delta)\\) where \\(X\\) is a complete metric space and \\(\\delta\\) associates to any lower semicontinuous function \\(f:X\\to \\mathbb{R}\\cup \\{+\\infty\\}\\) and any point \\(x\\in X\\), a nonnegative extended real number \\(\\delta f(x)\\). The main property which is required on \\(\\delta\\) is that for every \\(\\overline{x}\\in X\\) and for every numbers \\(\\sigma,r>0\\) with  \\[ f(\\overline{x})< \\inf_{d(x,\\overline{x})< r}f(x)+ \\sigma r \\]  one can find some \\(x\\in X\\) with \\(d(x,\\overline{x})< r\\) and \\(\\delta f(x)< \\sigma\\). It is shown that with  \\[ \\delta_1f(x)= \\begin{cases} 0, &\\text{ if \\(x\\) is a local minimizer of \\(f\\)},\\\\ \\limsup_{y\\to x} \\frac{f(y)-f(x)} {y-x}, &\\text{ otherwise}, \\end{cases} \\]  and  \\[ \\delta_2f(x)= d(0,\\partial f(x)) \\]  (where \\(\\partial\\) is a suitable subdifferential operator), \\((X,\\delta_1)\\) and \\((X,\\delta_2)\\) are examples of a variational pair.  The both main theorems of the paper are consequences of the notion of variational pair. The first one can be seen as a general (global) metric regularity result for a lower semicontinuous function. The second one is basically a local and parametric refinement of the previous one, dealing with the local solvability of an inequality of the type \\(f(x,p)\\leq 0\\) with parameter \\(p\\) of a topological space.  The results are applied for the characterization of so-called asymptotically well-behaved functions, for the discussion of metric regularity properties for parametrized families of multifunctions and for the derivation of a stability assertion for parametrized optimization problems assuming an extended Mangasarian-Fromowitz type constraint 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