{"entities":{"Q1606180":{"pageid":1616920,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1606180","lastrevid":68023188,"modified":"2026-04-12T20:55:28Z","type":"item","id":"Q1606180","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Multiplicative functions and \\(k\\)-automatic sequences"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1770790"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1606180$CA956EDA-8C3A-4D4A-A5F9-DC55BD0524BB","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"6873092c9f8a7c2aec1661241c48d7fa4c7a513a","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Multiplicative functions and \\(k\\)-automatic sequences","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1606180$2ACBB6F5-9B3B-485A-A864-7342202B890A","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"834518895c1af549d80a0a82a2dc6013a783c51f","datavalue":{"value":"1002.11025","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1606180$ECA85A5D-9EB7-447E-A07C-D53778EBCBAC","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"ada34ac08178e30794a10338b4ca4e9f53e49366","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":495284,"id":"Q495284"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1606180$63EA13D3-ABDD-4899-92A4-ABCE0DEA3DE0","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"2af5fe3b27a04082f1eae9cf17090e68be06cc07","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":194678,"id":"Q194678"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1606180$5D79113D-C81B-47B8-8B16-C2926B697624","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"4596813155b5f871fa61ac7e439e59bead33caa7","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2002-07-24T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1606180$99AFC0F5-1B1A-484E-B296-51A5E982452D","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"5c6f7ab618e80949eda8c56acc072cceb617182d","datavalue":{"value":"http://www.numdam.org/item?id=JTNB_2001__13_2_651_0","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1606180$641CC3F5-7BB6-4B0D-B2F5-FCDA94FC5361","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"f326876d1b0670dff89e762ac560db731c51fa74","datavalue":{"value":"https://eudml.org/doc/93831","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1606180$E7C70D37-ECB0-4FD4-961B-198061F3AF22","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"961b530b5105cdc61bdc8a90a4e3bb335d48cd25","datavalue":{"value":"http://www.emis.de/journals/JTNB/2001-2/jtnb13-2.html#jourelec","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1606180$1CE54903-AFC9-44D5-9F0F-8B6EEE3336EF","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"3420329d90b77a97530e0906c641f21c883d85db","datavalue":{"value":"A sequence is \\(k\\)-automatic if the \\(n\\)-th term in the sequence can be generated by a finite state machine reading \\(n\\) in base \\(k\\) as input. More precisely, \\({\\mathbb{T}}=(t(n))_{n\\geq 1}\\) is \\(k\\)-automatic if the \\(k\\)-kernel \\({\\mathbb{T}}^{(k)}=\\{T_{l,r}^{(k)}:l\\geq 0\\), \\(0\\leq r<k^l\\}\\) is finite, where \\(T_{l,r}^{(k)}=(t(k^l+r))_{n\\geq 1}\\).   The author asks when a multiplicative function \\(f\\) can be \\(k\\)-automatic. Suppose \\(v>1, h\\geq 1\\) are integers, \\(b,c\\) are relatively prime integers, \\(f(q_1^h)\\equiv 0\\bmod v\\) for infinitely many primes \\(q_1\\) and \\(f(q_2)\\not\\equiv 0\\bmod v\\) for all primes \\(q_2\\equiv c\\bmod b\\). Then the sequence \\((f(n)\\bmod v)_{n\\geq 1}\\) is not \\(k\\)-automatic for any \\(k\\geq 2\\). This is proved by showing that for each sufficiently large \\(l\\), there are integers \\(r_1, r_2\\) with \\(0\\leq r_i<k\\) and \\(n\\) with \\(f(k^ln+r_1)\\equiv\\bmod v, f(k^ln+r_2)\\not\\equiv 0\\bmod v\\) whence the \\(k\\)-kernel of \\((f(n)\\bmod v)\\) is infinite. Start with a prime \\(q_1\\) such that \\(q_1>k^l, f(q_1^h)\\equiv 0\\bmod v\\) and a prime \\(a=bm+c\\) for which \\(f(a)\\not\\equiv 0\\bmod v\\). Then we can choose \\(n_0\\) and \\(j\\) so that \\(r_2\\equiv a\\bmod bk\\) and \\(n_0bk^l+jq_1^{h+1}b^2k^l+r_2\\) is prime. Then \\(n=n_0b+jq_1^{h+1}b^2\\) gives the required result since \\(n_0bk^l+r_1\\equiv q_1^h\\bmod q_1^{h+1}\\) and \\(f\\) is multipicative. As examples of this result, for \\(v\\geq 3, k\\geq 2\\), \\(\\sigma_m(n)=\\sum_{k|n} k^m\\) is not \\(k\\)-automatic and so \\(\\sum_{n\\geq 1} \\sigma_m(n)X^n\\) is transcendental over \\({\\mathbb{F}}_p(X)\\) for odd primes \\(p\\), settling a conjecture of Allouche and Thakur. Also \\(\\varphi(n)\\) and \\(\\mu(n)\\) are not \\(k\\)-automatic.   The same conclusion is established for some multiplicative functions with \\(f(q)\\equiv 0\\bmod v\\) for all primes \\(q\\). This group includes \\(\\sigma_m(n)\\bmod 2\\) and \\(\\tau_m(n)\\bmod v\\).   The author leaves an open question over the automaticity of those multiplicative functions for which \\(v\\nmid f(n)\\) for all \\(n\\geq 1\\). An example here is the Liouville function \\(\\lambda(n)\\) defined by \\(\\lambda(p_1^{\\alpha_1}\\cdots p_t^{\\alpha_t})=(-1)^{\\alpha_1+\\cdots+\\alpha_t}\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1606180$2CE7F35D-FC33-433A-B7D7-CF2181EA3809","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"1d3e055a17ce7fb6036131cf10d782136e2d9314","datavalue":{"value":"11B85","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1606180$F8A831CD-904E-42AF-BA9C-620FF4504E14","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"350ad9e3cb57303f41763f7e3b29497fcb98dda4","datavalue":{"value":"11A25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1606180$0E3941D3-51DB-41EF-BBED-FB02B445CA00","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"81a483ff88f66ae3331945de99bd1f9c712b58cf","datavalue":{"value":"1770790","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1606180$612F57DA-B70F-40A5-8348-695523AEAECE","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"95025eb10d7fa99fb100ce466b17a4a757f14e24","datavalue":{"value":"multiplicative functions","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1606180$9C73C5F1-8194-49C3-9F1D-59F7D5A3A9E1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e8fe1ec072eddb82e8c6723b370c91fea5db0efe","datavalue":{"value":"finite automata","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1606180$AD32E1C1-FA95-4879-95A2-946D1C5C57FF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fe0dd6d2509e020892d03b9824ea7bf128b17f26","datavalue":{"value":"transcendence","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1606180$570E7339-686F-40AD-B8DD-DC73B7B863BA","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"cf658ad7ef7d6672e491794e6a4eead83097329a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":591958,"id":"Q591958"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1606180$D2783D44-173F-4860-94BE-9ED4F064F636","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1606180$DB989F16-AC7C-495A-860E-EE574A7FA5D5","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"6dbc576c6ab6a55c9cd9c30d472de570013ecf58","datavalue":{"value":"W2033908821","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1606180$FBB699F3-C178-4742-9733-78F2D94BC47C","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a2b8e63224e0f8515acc6b2383f9b7190159b55b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3491682,"id":"Q3491682"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1606180$D001E560-D277-431D-9F57-D346A1C1A599","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f49ba6e05c023e7c7edb77b3baf96c5f3df694b4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4235535,"id":"Q4235535"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1606180$5BAD41AC-8DBC-441D-BA51-FF3C2BB1DD1A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"600d7be17304857c3a80394c2cb4b1f9d8930ef0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1255781,"id":"Q1255781"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1606180$144909E3-934B-4291-9EFD-3E5B567BAE0D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c3afd0c4cd5e96965dc58343fdb8134a63c6270c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3926680,"id":"Q3926680"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1606180$4325EE70-4F0F-41BB-8E8B-48A50546C383","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e26ec61ad0b114755bec335b704577f3e8ceefbc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5666530,"id":"Q5666530"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1606180$E5E70A9E-AEB1-4476-BEA8-F97E530911F1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f11256ab00cde4162113ee78c7c66112cdeff7ab","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1163589,"id":"Q1163589"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1606180$2B7268C6-7551-49D1-8DFD-2BBF6445059C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2bcf4545f3ace0254dc4628f377d7779e274b6dc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5552168,"id":"Q5552168"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1606180$FBAE4870-7F05-4BC5-9A04-9864C1C9C49D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c8530a7557c56f7bac7911d8a137ba412252b5e7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4040809,"id":"Q4040809"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1606180$7986CF77-76EF-4CC2-A053-E58BCCF7D624","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"f9c96e46f583a30c6f69e8968b572ebe27eec86e","datavalue":{"value":"10.5802/JTNB.342","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1606180$3F4D617C-B8F7-4D5E-BBC0-428587673C56","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"aebac3ad20243db34ebd8cfd0e4161a25ca5b668","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5110610,"id":"Q5110610"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"98f9ff6eddc32c32a3f0763e37751e07767cc7eb","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9443762","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1606180$1188CF11-E724-40FF-9A39-E7EC79F4A2BF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"fdea04d09aebc9091bffc224967208063c58ff02","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2182171,"id":"Q2182171"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"fb091e20929326a1ee456e1015ac33876b1efafc","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.93236446","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1606180$F3B818B0-E0FF-4F02-A327-4195D068F363","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c3c12c80120ddac4d44afe6d5d297dd9ca265f8e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2337307,"id":"Q2337307"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2b3bb2e0dd55c52e21a54c4adda70c98d70e718b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.93109965","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1606180$2CCAC147-2191-45FF-9EAF-A6D91BFC0FAD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"81847233373322e829bbbe7061d27b895febb5bd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2069626,"id":"Q2069626"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5a8602c4bcbed228bb7ca3cb1c3a0179f69af9af","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9129551","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1606180$9FA4DF0B-86A8-4F19-AB87-95F89C89695C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1f2941683c27779cbd8445563a3914549474c54e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5110611,"id":"Q5110611"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d5d9f2f1562f71ec9e73aa70d4bead9b653f7bfc","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9047398","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1606180$FD9CBB22-342E-4EFB-8753-BFAAC1F48972","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ae664b5982a5696826fb4c874c8c8b956033720d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3108531,"id":"Q3108531"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0a15bf0ad4a4bb6821f3e0c99e714c49e61957d4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8996224","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1606180$CBD2DA92-FBAC-4FCE-B29B-953EDA42250C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1bd3f2e0edc4887a0f7b537e005f0216f18d9c3e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3390106,"id":"Q3390106"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"360674cd396fe73fb3ec99f2b5881164488ce8b8","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8884213","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1606180$56EE90C1-4F83-468E-A0AA-EC11F19D20CD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9d7be9a3b68d6badde2a26782471e5eb4cdbfb5c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5222169,"id":"Q5222169"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"22e6ef914e380fd56aebc4446e6b0f99a5ed98e7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.883427","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1606180$8263B900-1AAD-4C35-B623-2234E16C814A","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Multiplicative functions and \\(k\\)-automatic sequences","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Multiplicative_functions_and_%5C(k%5C)-automatic_sequences"}}}}}