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Two algebraic systems \\(G_1\\) and \\(G_2\\) are said to have the same arithmetical type (or they are elementarily equivalent) if they have the same elementary properties. Elementary properties of linear groups were first studied by \\textit{A. I. Mal'tsev} [Usp. Mat. Nauk 16, No. 3, 3-60 (1961; Zbl 0129.25903)]. Let \\(G\\) be the group GL, PG, SL, or PSL. Let \\(m\\geq n\\geq 3\\) be integers, and \\(K_1\\) and \\(K_2\\) be fields. Mal'tsev proved that \\(G(m,K_1)\\) and \\(G(n,K_2)\\) have the same arithmetical type if and only if \\(m=n\\) and the fields \\(K_1\\) and \\(K_2\\) have the same arithmetical type. Later, the theory has been developed for the cases of general linear groups over prime associative rings and skewfields, unitary groups over fields, and also some other algebraic structures. This article reviews the progress of this theory. 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