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About 100 years ago, the Cantor-Veronese controversy was followed with great interest in the mathematical community. It lasted for more than 20 years, and was concerned with ``actual infinity'' in mathematics. Cantor, who was supported by Peano and others, rejected the concept of infinitely small quantities. He therefore fought against the infinitely large and small numbers appearing in Veronese's geometry, as well as against the non-archimedian systems espoused by Thomae, du Bois-Reymond and Stolz. A positive consequence of the controversy was the distinction between Cantor's transfinite arithmetic and the theory of ordered algebraic structures. 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