{"entities":{"Q1609059":{"pageid":1619799,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1609059","lastrevid":47960581,"modified":"2026-01-03T04:52:40Z","type":"item","id":"Q1609059","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Existence of multiple solutions for second-order discrete boundary value problems"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1781473"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$3C7B11EB-472A-4C8B-AA96-BA6A9A55FCE2","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"4775566adc1316a179f14bb0a29b26dc37b7bff9","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Existence of multiple solutions for second-order discrete boundary value problems","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$50D13A59-B946-4DA3-A30F-D55033BE7BD1","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"ef14c4fb38d8550181a8cf5ff059b5e5477cac75","datavalue":{"value":"1005.39014","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$334BA511-4439-443B-A04A-013CA99FE4A9","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"fbe628c111a905673074a8bb08007cc9766e8dd5","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/S0898-1221(02)00095-0","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$DDAE83AE-0550-4D80-BA86-DAF22EAA3F7D","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"a7cc4e63ae0f8104666a66cab6f51c022e063653","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":218447,"id":"Q218447"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$D47B7658-9633-420A-A477-F0ADC8213022","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"8e3c9cd76af63e4381fb76ffd9b7badb6790dba3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":202745,"id":"Q202745"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$A82A63A5-4BD0-4588-92AA-24F43F18976A","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"e8042e3fca611780dcb277d94ac881330d08a0f7","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2002-08-15T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$75C4688B-A9F4-4BB7-B6BD-4DACC6594561","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"42caae30e167b46d334f64f41c5e4b561aeac030","datavalue":{"value":"The authors provide sufficient conditions for the existence of (at least) three positive solutions of the discrete two-point boundary value problem  \\[  \\Delta^2 y_{k-1} + f(k,y_k,\\Delta y_{k-1})=0, \\quad k=1,2,\\dots,n,  \\]   \\[  y_0=0=y_n,  \\]  where \\(\\Delta y_k:=y_{k+1}-y_k\\) is the usual forward difference operator (note a slightly modified notation used by the authors) and where \\(f:\\{1,2,\\dots,n\\}\\times{\\mathbb R}^2\\to{\\mathbb R}\\) is continuous. The proof is based on the existence of pairs of discrete lower solutions \\(\\alpha_1\\), \\(\\alpha_2\\) and discrete upper solutions \\(\\beta_1\\), \\(\\beta_2\\) that satisfy the inequalities \\(\\alpha_1\\leq\\alpha_2\\) and \\(\\beta_1\\leq\\beta_2\\). This method is a discrete analog of the authors' continuous-time results [J. Differ Equations 166, No. 2, 443-454 (2000; Zbl 1013.34017)]. However, in this paper the assumptions do not require \\(\\alpha_2\\leq\\beta_1\\) and allow \\(f\\) being dependent on \\(\\Delta y_{k-1}\\). If \\(f\\) is a function of its second variable \\(y_k\\) only, then the results of this paper are sharp and generalize those of \\textit{R. J. Avery} and \\textit{A. C. Peterson} [Panam. Math. J. 8, No. 3, 1-12 (1998; Zbl 0959.39006)]. This paper will be useful for researchers interested in two-point boundary value problems and/or their positive solutions.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$99042B51-C896-43F1-9318-79C734D9F265","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"0711229aac3ca5692d90fe260ad34a34e2facc24","datavalue":{"value":"39A11","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$6012E26E-6836-46E4-922F-EC7D65A33B45","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"41193c7d91d7d314290451f86c60070bef0e9755","datavalue":{"value":"39A12","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$ECAA9B64-D359-4211-AA59-799F052EB1DC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"a40e5aa707c04cfe3be4bcdc226880def2863b4c","datavalue":{"value":"34B15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$F2DD7C67-CF4B-4B50-BB8C-D4B08860A8F1","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"b3d8fd97fa3fd06d39017eea44679239208aa8b8","datavalue":{"value":"1781473","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$3CB915BF-93C1-4F8C-9ACB-6EB3B8B862EA","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"07b680adc3ae963fa7b0e971ae9f67d47904543e","datavalue":{"value":"discrete two-point boundary value problem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$EE7EF742-0268-4DEB-8BE9-7884CA7C3DA2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b923121763a873f5bd404b0ed646489d9803a281","datavalue":{"value":"positive solution","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$F4F7F17A-E917-4BCF-AE68-AC17CD0F35C8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a35cd0fad03243630f531d6b0f3706fcc1b15a0d","datavalue":{"value":"discrete lower and upper solutions","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$AF032A86-1185-4E91-AC2D-469A418B225F","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"97ed7cf6ab5ec27bf9ce02f33d5646e2e64b6c36","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":248487,"id":"Q248487"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$C028AC7A-1CE5-4F44-95B4-DB9E614616D3","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$0C32C541-6309-49DB-AFD0-9A614AC2E8E2","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c423b7241a90f42cfcee63e56f1ff39e812b2a64","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3854213,"id":"Q3854213"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$AFBB99C2-6FE6-4D1E-9051-2B6099CEEB8F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"da12fef9231459b857aeda43da1c42c6a97cc8fc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2718828,"id":"Q2718828"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$2F52BDD2-1B01-4F2E-AA5B-409BE7FACB01","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"88bcf260543897856a28149f4701143d302d82cd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":921544,"id":"Q921544"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$52596E94-80FD-490D-AF5B-A016BCB5FC1B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d7360b9f2134ec63c7027367632180b5c8d1625c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1388958,"id":"Q1388958"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$66345D8F-B480-4B15-89FC-922D372AE14A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"aa3f40ee9816ab1187f1a80e1a97d2167bec1358","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2782880,"id":"Q2782880"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$23BA3916-FEF9-40C9-A2F5-32ECDF0250DC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4cf656e62d4b69dc77cfb86d2e39bce05fb9bcc7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1586119,"id":"Q1586119"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$04372CE7-EA30-45BA-8D75-6D85BF373DBC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"991a900408a5fa1d37d78a4cb937f96c204d0730","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3994493,"id":"Q3994493"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$28DCAB25-42E6-487A-895D-1BB517EAED06","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5406cac02f22946d999140b07f3aad206441cc77","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4526471,"id":"Q4526471"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$95539EC2-7794-49F1-A9C6-E1B380C48A3B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"86b5349f904fab0124886927b10e8b8059059091","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4003305,"id":"Q4003305"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$2D8AD325-AE73-401B-B628-93854E3390CE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"af59bff5b16c4969021e67c2209499029d07cb2f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4871718,"id":"Q4871718"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$106FBAE0-AB4C-4CE7-A376-6231963D1582","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"99d57052c7645a2af7764e87751003a8b570275e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4000373,"id":"Q4000373"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$F77F8FC5-36AE-4D67-9955-220ED151E0B5","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"293935db3834ff8b5d542ae1771b7c6cb66baa38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":85551,"id":"Q85551"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609059$D9710EEF-64ED-421C-80A2-11BC7FF61B0D","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"803998a14ec23dc3d0cf4aa3e31378e18c475055","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2478358,"id":"Q2478358"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"702982fc58048b4d3c01f7504dcfb515c0183cf3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.904437780380249","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1609059$5D312EA9-67E5-4D67-AED7-E1DCAC595980","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6a781b15b22d11aacfd8ea58d29932cdbc6cc2dc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":949254,"id":"Q949254"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"aafb679397813a17ccc29f314a063f02bb19207b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8834063410758972","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1609059$F760EBB5-51FE-4628-9DD9-551E0952B310","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"120bd7477fb828bdf9994d90526ecdb29a5f61e0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4463550,"id":"Q4463550"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"de2fa7158324847fe47f0ae8dc97d814d8211620","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8690857291221619","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1609059$1F7BA28A-AE3A-4340-AECA-32902F8D652F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"45d8b0b115728b6968e21f4d7bb8ec1a4623ee02","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3001333,"id":"Q3001333"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"edd5d84e6f9dd5883eddfd1bb552d969c8ef1f02","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8604909181594849","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1609059$074B41E3-2FD9-4777-A2EB-613108B44249","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2a3a290e31b018ab92fb07089b25db33f4ae4ff6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3591467,"id":"Q3591467"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f4413d1f10ebfc0210d611078223b0023f452822","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8567594885826111","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1609059$EACEDDFD-F909-4935-83BC-7C063F754DD1","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1609059","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1609059"}}}}}