{"entities":{"Q1609741":{"pageid":1620481,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1609741","lastrevid":67984209,"modified":"2026-04-12T20:40:15Z","type":"item","id":"Q1609741","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Systoles and topological Morse functions for Riemann surfaces."}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1782614"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609741$27AAA812-57AF-47B5-8873-9AC53B4865C8","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"5f50238de8aa5279b29eef326bc25ac30d64c171","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Systoles and topological Morse functions for Riemann surfaces.","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609741$33981450-2CE0-4CDC-A3C8-23318816958A","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"475a63cebfc5587a9ab8972e65dc712696ab12c4","datavalue":{"value":"1033.32010","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609741$F9F72FEA-F69E-4E65-8868-B8BC5920E943","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"6321831e5ada064e5cb7b06f7aa6a19e5f1d4507","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":226522,"id":"Q226522"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609741$6BA087C7-3017-4459-BFE7-54A196F38E9F","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"33075497992c7b00cbed0c3ce471beb5f6082d57","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":240580,"id":"Q240580"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609741$6A4A82B5-288F-47BB-860D-D25626BA61D1","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"e8042e3fca611780dcb277d94ac881330d08a0f7","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2002-08-15T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609741$7E0ABE95-EE3C-4B0A-9F5E-F5CD846C0FF5","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"4dcbf47dcdf23f6c4ac735fb5f18a292918318a4","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(M\\) be a Riemann surface of genus \\(g\\) with \\(n\\) cusps, \\(T(g,n)\\) -- the Teichmueller space of \\(M\\) and \\(\\Gamma(g,n)\\) be the corresponding mapping class group.  The aim of this paper is the construction of topological Morse functions on \\(T(g,n)\\) which are invariant with respect to \\(\\Gamma(g,n)\\) and proper on the moduli space \\(T(g,n)/\\Gamma(g,n).\\) Until now, no such functions were known and the functions of this paper are the first examples.  Let \\(F = \\{u_{1},\\dots, u_{m}\\}\\) be a set of \\(m\\) marked, simple closed geodesics of \\(M\\) which fills up. For \\(M \\in T(g,n)\\) let \\(\\text{Tan}(M)\\) be the tangent space of \\(T(g,n)\\) in \\(M.\\) For \\(\\xi \\in \\text{Tan}(M)\\) and \\(u \\in F\\) let \\(\\xi(u) \\in \\mathbb R\\) be the derivation, induced by \\(\\xi,\\) of the length function \\(L(u).\\) Define the set of minima of \\(F\\) as  \\[ \\begin{multlined} \\text{Min}(F) = \\{M \\in T(g,n) \\mid \\text{for all } \\xi \\in \\text{Tan}(M) \\text{ either } \\xi(u) = 0,\\;\\forall u \\in F,\\\\ \\text{or } \\exists u, v \\in F,\\;\\xi(u) > 0,\\;\\xi(v) < 0 \\}.\\end{multlined}  \\]  For \\(M \\in T(g,n)\\) define the vector space  \\[  W_{F}(M) = \\{(\\xi(u_{1}),\\dots, \\xi(u_{m})) \\in \\mathbb R^{m} \\mid \\xi \\in \\text{Tan}(M)\\}.  \\]  Then \\(M \\in \\text{Min}(F)\\) is called \\(F\\)-regular if \\(\\dim W_{F}\\) is locally constant on \\(\\text{Min}(F)\\) in \\(M.\\) Let now  \\[  \\text{syst}: T(g,n) \\rightarrow \\mathbb R_{+}  \\]  be the function which associates to \\(M \\in T(g,n)\\) the length of a systole, a shortest simple closed geodesic; \\(\\text{syst}\\) is continuous on \\(T(g,n),\\) but has plenty of corners. Let \\(S(M)\\) be the set of systoles of \\(M.\\)  Theorem A. The function \\(\\text{syst}\\) is a topological Morse function on \\(T(g,n)\\) if the following conditions hold: (i) for all \\(M \\in T(g,n)\\) with \\(M \\in \\text{Min}(F)\\) (where \\(F = S(M)),\\) \\(M\\) is \\(F\\)-regular. (ii) for all \\(M \\in T(g,n)\\) with \\(M \\in \\partial \\text{Min}(F)\\) (where \\(F = S(M)),\\) \\(M\\) is strongly \\(F\\)-regular. If condition (ii) holds, then \\(M \\in T(g,n)\\) is a critical point of \\(\\text{syst}\\) if and only if \\(M \\in \\text{Min}(S(M)).\\) Let now \\(M \\in T(g,n)\\), \\(n > 0.\\) Let \\(O\\) be a cusp of \\(M\\) and let \\(G{O}(g,n) \\subset \\Gamma(g,n)\\) be the subgroup (of index \\(n)\\) of elements which fix \\(O.\\) Let \\(R\\) be a certain set of closed geodesic in \\(M.\\) For \\(M \\in T(g,n),\\) let \\(\\text{syst}_R(M)\\) be the length of a shortest element of \\(R\\) in \\(M.\\)  Theorem B. On \\(T(g,n), n > 0,\\) \\(\\text{syst}_R(M)\\) is a topological Morse function, invariant with respect to \\(G{O}(g,n).\\)  Theorem E. For every \\(g \\geq 2\\) there exists \\(M_{g} \\in T(g,0)\\) which is a non-degenerate critical point of \\(\\text{syst}\\) of index \\(4g - 5.\\)","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609741$886D8037-82CB-4730-B99D-F3189B2ACD26","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"2c44c034b93e49818aa057d6ac100999911e5c29","datavalue":{"value":"32G15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609741$0BAD87FB-5EC7-450F-81CD-BE24ADABB6DD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"7eb9f8fae78a1b3ace082d54c39a93c4c7127c45","datavalue":{"value":"30F60","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609741$EBF3BF4F-F794-4C34-AB2E-158FF4B53FAF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"3c70959db83bb3351da86f0b2d926a9c118da288","datavalue":{"value":"57M50","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609741$F5AD07DB-9239-451F-9FAF-B8AAF0EE813E","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"ab749346e630f62f1f17de3be845c4a4f5077d78","datavalue":{"value":"1782614","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609741$6721B702-3AC7-4ED7-9B36-230659127F67","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fc790a7c872e9f073a66db9800fb306fbb60ae9e","datavalue":{"value":"Riemann surface of genus \\(g\\) with \\(n\\) cusps","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609741$F078EF20-C331-40E8-BF63-3344386646AD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3effad46bcbe3f19166bc545960a83f1e634cb85","datavalue":{"value":"Teichmueller space","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609741$B5D63978-2D90-4272-8C81-3E04A760FA9A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"bb4fa977a3ad7bb2207a46e2d2c07e5dd30478aa","datavalue":{"value":"mapping class group","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609741$021A988E-BADA-4D81-BD1F-0DEA8C5BBBA9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6e7ac0ff8f772e4e1bef62829238c0b97855555e","datavalue":{"value":"topological Morse functions","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609741$8DE09647-6C9B-46D4-BBCB-A9AAE6BA0DEC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0e1b71502b8d7cae3455e1a1933c41c028e57f82","datavalue":{"value":"systole","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609741$7BED70C5-7D60-405C-AB59-8DBFCE37A060","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"110dfee1e417fc64549f1f32b7a2047bd9cab3a0","datavalue":{"value":"shortest simple closed geodesic","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609741$0F2B71CC-E3F2-4746-9D29-65ACFF374085","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"68300191e34771bfadf1bdd6bb1e58046c00d731","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":416979,"id":"Q416979"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609741$7E6E74D8-47BF-494F-B104-F8145FD572FD","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609741$1DB6743B-C221-45FA-87B8-F05D8AB8AAE8","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"f806ec7ed27922b9fcdd044131660393e6e3b7df","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.4310/jdg/1214425347","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609741$B85AB950-6149-4B84-A082-2B7C8D23E173","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"95b1f59ac72961e85dd8a74802d7539d54ab1227","datavalue":{"value":"W1581372407","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609741$822FA0E5-A087-4C34-B82C-162F42B7C561","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"56500653d924eaf3b26f43fb3bc726c47e2c54c0","datavalue":{"value":"Q115193697","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609741$ACA94F59-014F-4B13-BAF4-64B70793141C","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"534be107a2da458cd8f2b47b30a14df2a4dfec1a","datavalue":{"value":"10.4310/JDG/1214425347","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609741$C0D07262-C104-4909-9008-B67D1DDCDF6B","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b976bd071657ce011a3e169745b55497c379222e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1863509,"id":"Q1863509"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"cf9ad86aec9387ebd541feeab1a76b5f48a15567","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8699131608009338","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1609741$4F72C146-0C79-4428-A447-D0E1CCC66FDA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3cf357a6526cc232a5ceee8e406cb2dc69491574","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1922423,"id":"Q1922423"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"08b88c7594045b5ee4acdb2af72d2bc89622353a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7744658589363098","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1609741$11CAB655-F9DB-463C-9D3D-F0A45F2E59D0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"bdf4d39f84341637411f582403739ba732d95265","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1326540,"id":"Q1326540"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"08b88c7594045b5ee4acdb2af72d2bc89622353a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7744658589363098","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1609741$9537196C-0901-402F-B145-F5760170D849","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a2ff9e87d0419ae52dc02f70d41d7976650d9ae7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2119374,"id":"Q2119374"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2ac7cde34b25a4af2c6ca07650d36bbc22a1f36e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7730492949485779","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1609741$B7641EBE-ABD2-4BBB-8896-C59CF426D33C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d7bf530c3d5607881ea4b9e63f9346eb12a86773","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1344924,"id":"Q1344924"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c7840fa07c093a07d0c56dbb0aa185d3f2619fda","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.767594039440155","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1609741$D32404F1-DBCA-4BE3-BC88-7E99384260F2","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Systoles and topological Morse functions for Riemann surfaces.","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Systoles_and_topological_Morse_functions_for_Riemann_surfaces."}}}}}