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This problem is classically known as the Severi degree. Recursive formulas for the Severi degrees have been recently derived by \\textit{Z. Ran} [Invent. Math. 97, 447--465 (1989; Zbl 0702.14040)] and later by \\textit{J. Harris} and \\textit{L. Caporaso} [Invent. Math. 131, 345--392 (1998; Zbl 0934.14040)]. In this direction the author presents the following main results.  Theorem 1.1: Let \\(M\\) be an algebraic surface. Let \\(L\\) be a sufficiently very ample line bundle on \\(M\\). Let the number \\(n_L (\\delta)\\) denote the number of \\(\\delta \\)-nodes nodal curves in the linear system \\(| L| \\). Then the number can be expressed as an universal polynomial in terms of \\(L.L\\), \\(L.c_1(M)\\), \\(c_1(M)^2\\) and \\(c_2(M)\\).  Theorem 1.2: Let \\(M\\) be a K\u00e4hler surface and \\(L\\) be a sufficiently very ample linear divisor on \\(M\\). Let \\(n_L( \\Gamma, L - \\Sigma m_i E_i )\\) denote the ``number of singular curves'' in a generic \\( \\Sigma (m_i^2 + m_i -4)/2 \\)-dimensional linear subsystem of \\(| L| \\) with a fixed topological type of plane curve singularities specified by \\(\\Gamma \\) and \\(m_i\\), etc. The virtual number can be expressed as an universal polynomial in \\(L.L\\), \\(L.c_1(M)\\), \\(c_1(M)^2\\) and \\(c_2(M)\\). It depends on \\(\\Gamma\\), the admissible graph, and \\(m_i\\), the multiplicities of the 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