{"entities":{"Q1609945":{"pageid":1620685,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1609945","lastrevid":81553652,"modified":"2026-05-06T18:47:23Z","type":"item","id":"Q1609945","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"A Laplacian comparison theorem and its applications."}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1782978"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609945$AC6AF1CA-CB63-4F68-AEBC-95D4289D6FB1","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"d42a3dd829fa720d222e76e58ac491cad5526b25","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"A Laplacian comparison theorem and its applications.","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609945$37A86529-B145-45DE-8588-BD8554D9FA62","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"f0db84173be79630bf95c781a75d1dbdd621ae99","datavalue":{"value":"1082.53038","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609945$A414A1E6-8EC5-4E28-AA19-8CAC40942602","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"01ca75c43a88842f6d0a2adb7b76f1cfbe3ec239","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":791015,"id":"Q791015"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609945$07F8A520-6BB4-4DDA-A78E-2DA1C0EF8EEC","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"f3f6c7b78c5b27fc48ae0a7d3dd3bb661f120eab","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":168532,"id":"Q168532"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609945$47CF2690-CD84-417C-BC2E-F7826D3426F2","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"63ff829be26711905016fdc54cdab22246fd5f3d","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2002-08-18T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609945$77E024B6-9D0B-4A0E-A5F2-A39DA804C114","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"e33f42298bc91ef36a28f1eeb9b8134b1971fbc7","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(M\\) be a connected complete Riemannian \\(n(>1)\\)-dimensional manifold, \\(p\\) be a fixed point in \\(M\\) and \\(h(x)=d(x, p)\\) be the geodesic distance from \\(p\\) to \\(x\\). Let \\(K_M\\) and Ric\\(_M\\) denote the sectional curvature and Ricci curvature of \\(M\\), respectively. Let \\(0<l{\\leq}{\\infty}\\) and \\({\\gamma}: [0, l){\\rightarrow}M\\) be a geodesic with \\({\\gamma}(0)=p, | {\\gamma}'(0)| =1\\). Under the assumption that \\(K_M({\\gamma}'(t), X){\\leq}k(t)\\) with \\(X{\\in} M_{{\\gamma}(t)}\\) and \\(X{\\perp}{\\gamma}'(t)\\), \\textit{A. Kasue} [Jap. J. Math., New Ser. 8, 309--341 (1982; Zbl 0518.53048)] proved the following Laplace comparison theorem:  Let \\(f\\) be a solution of \\(f''+k(t)f=0,\\; f(0)=0,\\; f'(0)=1\\) then  \\[ {\\bigtriangleup}h({\\gamma}(t)){\\geq}(n-1)f'/f. \\]  The author of the present paper assumes further that Ric\\(_M({\\gamma}'(t), {\\gamma}'(t)){\\leq}r(t){\\leq}(n-1)k(t)\\) and generalizes the Laplace comparison theorem as follows:  Let \\(f_1\\) be a solution of \\(f_1''+\\{r(t)-(n-2)k(t)\\}f_1=0,\\; f_1(0)=0,\\; f_1(0)=1,\\) then  \\[  f_1(t){\\geq}f(t),\\; f_1'(t)/f_1(t){\\geq}f'(t)/f(t),\\; {\\bigtriangleup}(h({\\gamma}(t)){\\geq}(n-2)f'(t)/f(t)+f_1'(t)/f_1'(t). \\]   Using this extended Laplace comparison theorem, the author obtains a volume comparison theorem and a criterion for the hyperbolicity of Riemannian manifolds, i.e., shows the existence of Green's function for these manifolds.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609945$856B663E-F90D-4C18-9390-92A06F19D08A","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"1a59a0eb1d8eeb7a6d891caa56a769d937082ca1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":586412,"id":"Q586412"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609945$5D0B789C-C515-4119-943A-181F1544277F","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"13acb7e2709a32922d207c5e3774264107168969","datavalue":{"value":"53C21","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609945$1345B958-7493-490B-A797-307FE4D36F69","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"80944b79088c06ea29b7a04b1b13ad3b77aa8f67","datavalue":{"value":"53C20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609945$5E91CA8A-7819-4DFA-8491-220883C754D1","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"3e2c091c4d7fcfd9baa67715aeddb7976b2ed13b","datavalue":{"value":"1782978","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609945$68200155-1F0E-4DA4-9563-6831475CCC7E","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"936d9fe1531372d168f49d72e6434a9cd66d931b","datavalue":{"value":"Laplace comparison theorem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609945$7116A59F-BC20-41D3-B6DC-FAE6643056FE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"778f9ae2be877bdf839c41000488acf898a974bf","datavalue":{"value":"volume comparison theorem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609945$68451048-BD01-43DE-9D2B-5129DD44B46F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"2cfd1adab9ba81a6a11a22706d9f57f3e2bc417c","datavalue":{"value":"hyperbolicity of Riemannian manifolds","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609945$25DF1096-02E5-4F1E-A6EE-EBF4D000FD6C","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609945$14D6FBAF-04C1-4F94-AAAF-E20578501EF7","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"4c27e2f0e6a3a8d996e12422582139ffa1fc5b4c","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.3792/pjaa.78.7","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609945$01393909-EE0D-4CBC-8117-937328127F4A","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"774475f153766cd71450d33e4d01b3ec09509a9a","datavalue":{"value":"W1984050663","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609945$7112A5D2-0EC8-4A01-AE09-595148D56B7E","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"ba93cc6cee6b3a19d6ce708d113962040de21f4e","datavalue":{"value":"Q125320309","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609945$3F962A7D-99A5-4379-BD86-46D210AC91CB","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"96353705ee11a4330dad5e38298e339cbf4636d2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4877600,"id":"Q4877600"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609945$117F65D4-B3B6-45FC-AEC3-88FC4D3352C4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2170997b8954678f97ddb732c084dccdcd9b89ab","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3344779,"id":"Q3344779"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609945$1224E79E-C38F-425A-9651-97218977B456","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"29f3d6f69fd9503fabba72a76224b34296765e7c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4287762,"id":"Q4287762"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609945$C413DC4C-2A71-4B9C-87BB-90556B453195","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"454a7c4bdeaa2c38450ed308e1ba3c179edc93d2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":750920,"id":"Q750920"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609945$F8229E27-7C2B-4E15-9436-90C7E949D69B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"338f9eb14afe60a2570a8b908dac465e8c55f734","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3660635,"id":"Q3660635"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609945$FB44A9AC-2EB9-4DC2-B6CA-E1D8F2FD3A8E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5b13e6a4502e442993a872924b95d2d36b515743","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3667555,"id":"Q3667555"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609945$92D42866-25F9-452A-87DB-FA62B43E9EAF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5e4d57f75f6fed59941762d8926203669d7097bb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1302097,"id":"Q1302097"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609945$E00C3C79-490B-49C7-A41E-C9722AD307B9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0d8fdd93d09d6e1151e1e882a4e8edd6a7ff5adc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3350352,"id":"Q3350352"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609945$3EEF9E85-4713-4A13-8470-80288DF31C49","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"71dde6bd767da1e13463eb35f4d1cb70a302834b","datavalue":{"value":"10.3792/PJAA.78.7","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1609945$DBD6886B-1161-4B87-BB8C-57B2DF1E564A","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cbf6a5bd7862d1e29b05f6d2d611c69fe5504a6f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1890238,"id":"Q1890238"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"43782a51091a6c7e5b4a873aa818c6168ac0f30d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7213024","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1609945$AAE297AC-45D8-4820-B53C-617AAF756072","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8d3561263d1c963be40cfe6577b4f9fb0826db73","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":841199,"id":"Q841199"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"62a38c7326811349238b5dc74d87e5a7ad303808","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.714605","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1609945$13E4D1BF-A1E0-4437-9D4E-AEB6B1A862CF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8d5d05ca48d0dab215e67e411e91784241adf6f5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":419741,"id":"Q419741"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4800d987216bc59209cb82675badb6a578c91982","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.70560944","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1609945$CA058D76-8058-4ECD-B560-202D80AD6C04","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d50ef677115cc8dcfe68b5b9e37293066c69117b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5287764,"id":"Q5287764"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"cb6a0fa3161953507d025ba63966ebb726ccb184","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.70353884","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1609945$69054CA3-B9D4-43CD-88FC-707B770824C4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"03adc7e2490bdad0dc1e4e9c1c6bcb9c6a2ae918","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2095585,"id":"Q2095585"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f3c5484b9713395fc6245bbf5e9f9bbeb4bb0edd","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6992278","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1609945$1D4F74D7-13E0-4EFD-ABCE-A9DAEA7CE450","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7b3a630a726421d7d53e5a86108fe5d0516987ec","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2581334,"id":"Q2581334"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4db2eb5e539119b93a9fdabad25277d01eeaccc2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.69773626","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1609945$FFD65B80-6174-4A73-91AC-F23D186734AB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c5400f31d09e4574a97589239c23173b46dccf87","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5867352,"id":"Q5867352"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"93046e141232442277b0a8814513d67571575c37","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6973436","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1609945$59FF8B65-7A5E-4DD1-A955-EE4525B6AFAE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7c9cf4d862adf763e291892da3831363bde31936","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1302097,"id":"Q1302097"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a13672e8173913761490672f1d280c65841c05a2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6971041","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1609945$4C368D94-4A2A-40CF-A737-B54E0DA8353E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f36e800810ff933979c587155f1a53c8df031506","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1275291,"id":"Q1275291"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a854a1a0265587c5a3e009e0e9ff88321f5811d3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6950871","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1609945$04EA60C9-A7E2-4046-856D-2D64641260CA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4e6012fd710b7c840da2b5ba7b089c923985a783","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4578228,"id":"Q4578228"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f074b1b61c0772889610987cdd25fceba8e2a48e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6918544","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1609945$907E44B6-C7C5-437E-AC4E-3C760630934D","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"A Laplacian comparison theorem and its applications.","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/A_Laplacian_comparison_theorem_and_its_applications."}}}}}