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Formula (*) can be rewritten in the form  \\[ \\phi(z)=\\text{Im }\\phi(0)+C(I+zU)(I-zU)^{-1}C^*,\\tag{**} \\]  where a linear functional \\(C:L_2(d\\sigma)\\longrightarrow {\\mathbb C}\\) is defined by \\(Cf=\\int_0^{2\\pi}f(t) d\\sigma(t)\\), and \\(U\\) is the operator of multiplication by \\(e^{-it}\\) in \\(L_2(d\\sigma)\\), which is obviously unitary. Passing to Taylor's coefficients \\(\\phi_k,\\;k=0,1,\\ldots,\\) of \\(\\phi(z)\\), one can derive the expression analogous to the right-hand side of formula (**) for the bounded upper triangular Toeplitz operator \\(\\Phi=[\\phi_{i-j}]_{i,j\\in {\\mathbb Z}}\\) on the space \\(l^2({\\mathbb Z})\\) with a positive definite real part; here \\(\\phi_k=0\\) for \\(k<0\\). A generalization of this analogue of formula (**) to bounded upper triangular, not necessarily Toeplitz, operators with positive semidefinite real parts, which is important for nonstationary linear systems theory, was given by \\textit{D.~Alpay, A.~Dijksma} and \\textit{Y.~Peretz} [J. Funct. Anal. 166, 85-129 (1999; Zbl 0984.47008)].   In the paper under review, the authors extend the notion of upper triangular operator to unbounded operators, define the notion of Carath\u00e9odory operator, which is a (not necessarily bounded) upper triangular operator with positive semidefinite real part, and obtain an analogue of formula (**) for Carath\u00e9odory 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