{"entities":{"Q1624936":{"pageid":1635677,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1624936","lastrevid":68011533,"modified":"2026-04-12T20:51:02Z","type":"item","id":"Q1624936","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Binocular vision and image location before Kepler"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6980778"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$355CFA2A-544A-4DCB-A499-2572838EA590","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"51645ffd1f53d21ad0c77a7034fdf32e75492862","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Binocular vision and image location before Kepler","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$C810C415-AB4D-49C3-985F-D1571D3540E0","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"8028430c1cc484e2ddb13eca8364ac80e7938fc6","datavalue":{"value":"1405.01014","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$1BB95F4D-EB65-492F-8DA3-D6ABCF508D53","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"dc510fb7fcac833ac56e0dbfed9b8bbfaa7532fb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":392572,"id":"Q392572"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$C945AF3E-B229-4646-A008-3CDEF0012DF4","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"ebf23693319ee957a4c1feb48a4bcbe814d1fcce","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":172610,"id":"Q172610"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$667EA88F-5C5A-420A-B001-C9EF3CD3EC9C","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"2a4a4cdd468886ec8ec044418f2bdc09f56b5c2c","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2018-11-16T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$EC7EAEE8-DFF7-4642-93B5-7AC44B2B0493","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"5e81bc82f82253cef1b88f8725c758ce595c24c4","datavalue":{"value":"In 1604, Kepler published his \\textit{Optics}. Therein, he falsified the so-called cathetus rule: The image of an object is always seen on the normal between the object itself and the reflective surface. This line was referred to as the ``cathetus''. Kepler's new method of image location was based on binocularism. The author of this article shows that G. B. Benedetti published the same theory already in 1585. To that end, he examines Kepler's theory of image formation in the light of Benedetti's prior theory. Therefore, he studies Euclid's optics, Ptolemy's optics, Alhazen's and Witelo's handling of the cathetus principle and of the binocular vision and distance perception, Benedetti's achievement, Kepler's analysis of the image location, Brengger's letter to Kepler, and Stevin's contribution to this discussion. The author concludes that the binocular theory was a ``development from the perspectivist tradition that had been gestated within the tradition itself'' (p. 544).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$1815BF0E-B6FE-4C2D-9D5D-6B0A527AB2F5","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"81ea4f4a1a752ae97f5e7582541ab902b621f93d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":590916,"id":"Q590916"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$861C2BFA-7C5F-4736-8CD2-FCADF5544FA4","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"01054dc6ba33aba8a952621f3343b259f4539d2d","datavalue":{"value":"01A45","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$50183259-A867-4A6D-9D81-4F8DD80F4F14","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e55384cd57de5c7a48002e808500a299b0ca951f","datavalue":{"value":"78-03","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$64826C5C-E2C5-4570-9F6E-986ACEE93661","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"ed3b1dd93c54fe220c9fe147a1049aa126152dc1","datavalue":{"value":"6980778","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$2E0F3F63-9D90-4244-B42F-E88ED5AF1F83","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a06bad8dc27683889a035c2dd3c9cabf7eb28d1a","datavalue":{"value":"cathetus rule","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$EABE8882-CAF4-4DE6-BE1B-499939F12CCE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"441c772f42dfcc384f62e86d17bec66ecab5bf15","datavalue":{"value":"optics","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$A40A8158-D45B-407F-8183-69F068B6B88B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"76154b8059eb433c56508bc28b7bf51c6f4a26f1","datavalue":{"value":"image location","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$AC7A5065-5557-4695-8FED-D674DE3756F9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c7adfe5f382973dcf6df6c1304d8edb8bbe5fb4b","datavalue":{"value":"binocularism","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$11BD3C91-F067-4649-A405-1228A7A8FA33","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$3142A286-2C2B-43F7-A5BF-2F22C9375E5C","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"ccfb2a245d4ad096480b5dc718250763255eb6b8","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00407-018-0210-6","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$CF32C013-7A82-410C-BA77-8780CB76958C","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"e872f7631d77278d18ed0fa50ab8c9febe78bd10","datavalue":{"value":"W2803776603","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$9CDF8C0A-07A1-4656-990D-86627D55BFA4","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b4bd7793b079eb7defb2203a13c6dde452f9a320","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3191555,"id":"Q3191555"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$6821787D-8B29-4D76-BA00-D0F5CBDE4733","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7c858e8f974767f963d23363cdab40a50a18f219","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5785341,"id":"Q5785341"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$41EF701C-5398-487C-8F86-227FCBD0122B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"60141dec2c083468ed09b48417ca7803a1230d50","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2569576,"id":"Q2569576"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$75A0D3DA-17E1-4EAD-9FCC-E43B1651D82C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0259fb630dd2b09d04269e11c94c5a32ac004382","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3794108,"id":"Q3794108"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$C710819B-E422-47C1-B314-9814D8AC8C0D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b148ed1f5bf9e5a76f31b658876eb16adca7818b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4312333,"id":"Q4312333"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$089D79A3-7622-449E-AD53-0D6805AB9211","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ab14b4e524eed7e24fe8285b96dc283bb09db9ec","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4222438,"id":"Q4222438"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$54F825CF-758B-4D3D-8FB3-F71DE14930BD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1933cd40706b8da2e7e3b9519d05017a276f7d73","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":514411,"id":"Q514411"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$A6DE5E9E-033C-4C63-97CC-6E8E671F0E79","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8ae2152c762143136224609f11e9f106d4353a83","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1168294,"id":"Q1168294"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$D1E5A893-910E-4046-992C-2C375C5EA876","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8b7b86eb2bdd851dabca0b486ad4be9c37afbd0f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4350174,"id":"Q4350174"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$6CD115FC-3F10-4275-9163-75D2AE2B5B64","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"22c82dcd008753ecd5b0a2d6fa9f1d27ec4a543d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4259423,"id":"Q4259423"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$CC42067A-F852-49F5-AB98-0EC943FB55AC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7c04673b660be684e450b0dd62dc8b9c5f09385b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2778958,"id":"Q2778958"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$B613F47F-ECE4-4C26-9326-3B663518573E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2a91d6455ce666c8cce6ee45615e5d17ffd1cdc3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3529442,"id":"Q3529442"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$8981EF18-4316-4AC7-9DDF-91EE67F4F179","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"89a808b846aa6bd4de5a6c845d3f19df0b9fdb7a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5502238,"id":"Q5502238"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$4FC8CA87-776A-4D9B-861D-90095E7952CA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5c5739ce44f31bf9a91f0ccf78de8a2ef4e30ae6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3269103,"id":"Q3269103"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$05B61A52-C6DC-4022-8EA6-F8A0A940B9E4","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"91262a836a2ef41580be7578951642693dcb107a","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S00407-018-0210-6","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1624936$3B64999C-DDAE-40E1-8B99-5FC319F5D609","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8fd21f732a2917075176945ad3389b907947223a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":375351,"id":"Q375351"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7ae7782894e37cfa335b4254dd92796a8b381ce3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7643285393714905","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1624936$1B996F01-815A-4BB6-893F-E1B208DB4B8A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3e9c74837264b597a09c64e057766d2bd922c15c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4451002,"id":"Q4451002"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c5ea56b58369554955597728160c53da011fd286","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7503063082695007","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1624936$D4A02C35-EB1F-4E13-B751-0A82417C7D27","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ec45fcf5812069ceb67760a10978eb838f73be78","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3744120,"id":"Q3744120"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ef47f96e2f277062b63f6b755bb61871f7385f06","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7429473400115967","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1624936$C5DC7B68-C444-4594-A2A2-54CBD523E4AC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e98eafe9fc9aa7c8a63cce79150fe6adbfd250fa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4946944,"id":"Q4946944"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0eb68325b5126409f3959b4fa5e72de999ff8c4b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7307218909263611","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1624936$3C815FE9-1DB6-4163-B355-7ADC922D3841","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4613987e990a617e40199345345edc437fea872f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3159751,"id":"Q3159751"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0eb68325b5126409f3959b4fa5e72de999ff8c4b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7307218909263611","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1624936$A7BE1B9E-1766-4B73-9535-67C399E7C451","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Binocular vision and image location before Kepler","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Binocular_vision_and_image_location_before_Kepler"}}}}}