{"entities":{"Q1630445":{"pageid":1641186,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1630445","lastrevid":68019561,"modified":"2026-04-12T20:54:17Z","type":"item","id":"Q1630445","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Buying optimal payoffs in bi-matrix games"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6991154"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$0F53AE9C-E000-4E8A-8FDD-FBC7F437192A","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"6630d3095c00b6d9fb752dac7157fad548d2860c","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Buying optimal payoffs in bi-matrix games","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$68AAAE71-724C-4712-A913-D4DD829D8DAF","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"bf9f32bf5521129414235ef104e8af48d6dd6b85","datavalue":{"value":"1418.91120","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$30107502-1CD6-4C1F-A31D-D3FD489E947F","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"181ef184bae48de3543dac21e8b0ac3225c48ad5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1630444,"id":"Q1630444"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$E40C6B7B-3C17-49F1-8ABE-24981BEC360E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"90739aea32371d507efc0d485d2e862d23543168","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":259050,"id":"Q259050"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$5AE8544B-F8CF-4DCB-AF00-2DA408F55ABD","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"6589dcc6fefca0e1b5c725a60b6e53eec3d18a30","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":725005,"id":"Q725005"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$24A3EE6D-50F8-4574-B317-8538C17C48CF","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"96254ecf16768214b618c057c6fdab7cc9632b89","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2018-12-10T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$DE1D6C08-267D-4C03-A7D5-E74B9C080D85","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"16bb8dc14b5428eae114d18e156df9bc01c9211d","datavalue":{"value":"Summary: We consider non-zero sum bi-matrix games where one player presumes the role of a leader in the Stackelberg model, while the other player is her follower. We show that the leader can improve her reward if she can incentivise her follower by paying some of her own utility to the follower for assigning a particular strategy profile. Besides assuming that the follower is rational in that he tries to maximise his own payoff, we assume that he is also friendly towards his leader in that he chooses, \\textit{ex aequo}, the strategy suggested by her -- at least as long as it does not affect his expected payoff. Assuming this friendliness is, however, disputable: one could also assume that, \\textit{ex aequo}, the follower acts adversarially towards his leader. We discuss these different follower behavioural models and their implications. We argue that the friendliness leads to an obligation for the leader to choose, \\textit{ex aequo}, an assignment that provides the highest follower return, resulting in `friendly incentive equilibria'. For the antagonistic assumption, the stability requirements for a strategy profile should be strengthened, comparable to the secure Nash equilibria. In general, no optimal incentive equilibrium for this condition exists, and therefore we introduce \\(\\varepsilon\\)-optimal incentive equilibria for this case. We show that the construction of all of these incentive equilibria (and all the related leader equilibria) is tractable.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$DA93CC00-C1BF-4C14-BE16-A0CEF6A8ECDA","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"c2e7cc4c56531e2a92c5299e8b22df57ad6de2dd","datavalue":{"value":"91A65","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$EDE376CB-E4EF-4662-B860-A9662FAA56CD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b98cb7058a1e8e644c33a49a426b651c0e594493","datavalue":{"value":"91A05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$6FB61249-DC49-4D68-AB0D-A5CC448B07F9","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"65f06e25e3bd67407027ff71e1425ea54cc7d819","datavalue":{"value":"6991154","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$1916C8B5-C921-4382-A72E-2DE672EE5F22","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"36eecf9ccedc25252373b714f0928a1abafafd25","datavalue":{"value":"bi-matrix games","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$9448345A-3305-4726-916E-18B96A89A0D4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"53dde8b387b5cd23f4abb2e117e873f60004406d","datavalue":{"value":"Nash equilibrium","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$01204F63-6914-441B-BC72-C5E6D49B71EA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"de77aebc555488f49efadd6fa3b2b7fd6361344d","datavalue":{"value":"leader equilibrium","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$74888A6D-9E8A-459E-822C-1E477A42153E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fcf836f176476f01697ba3d94cfaa202da72d92a","datavalue":{"value":"secure incentive equilibrium","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$9DB5DD92-4A93-4D3B-A262-2F2D0704E5E0","rank":"normal"}],"P1463":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1463","hash":"52976748fd61906f43fb9f1c7e04fdac3cae57fa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":16196,"id":"Q16196"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$CC461BC8-997B-4A0F-B823-C8894AF644F4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1463","hash":"74bff5e24e91f8dbc753938bde3eac6df4cce819","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":19289,"id":"Q19289"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$F916E2A8-E368-44D2-979F-68DA694C99FB","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$013C6C68-0DF2-4952-9745-B9C9760BD177","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"0746b2c45e61853661d439e87806162cd7b76b33","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g9030040","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$EAE52B78-0901-4FE1-919E-0E7C7909CC58","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"15a0d3b2427cf61019dca7cb7b3945c612dca95e","datavalue":{"value":"W2810124435","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$164F7BBC-736B-424F-97FE-3CBF0704732F","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"eac62c46270c2eeb86dab421c652d0545d098cfd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4166473,"id":"Q4166473"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$F37731D7-AE9F-4D3A-8E28-2CC103D193AE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e704fb638d95f1bcc78a135879eb664fed222e46","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5897449,"id":"Q5897449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$5D300340-9BF6-4A2A-8654-F24B86C69E1B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f66d51b1c5bb60b6e9f8ea93096e0647039115cb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":980970,"id":"Q980970"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$1D507C5A-D2D6-4AD9-A881-208B28AEE52C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"479ccb990196467e74b56a950c8b36987df24f79","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5706649,"id":"Q5706649"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$8F0848F6-4719-495B-95CB-AC8DB4FB7CD5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"580a58feb3896982103ac7c9ceb8efc23bed43a4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4449277,"id":"Q4449277"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$D80BD733-AFC8-446F-A7E6-5DCAD08C572D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2042b828dd25106c3b462953208d666f50dda9c9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3720336,"id":"Q3720336"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$D3A18CF0-E8CC-40C9-BCCD-65F667F78FD0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"35c367e2fcd5222053fec6399dd37aac3c4b132c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1114606,"id":"Q1114606"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$34BF5E36-7552-4AC8-9767-8443E9547815","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"18b3a63191708fcbef13555df7dd8e686610d49c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":854165,"id":"Q854165"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$9EE760A2-7EBE-481F-81C4-33E6B8DF44C7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"51964fe57075333ac4f5dbc5904b99bd5d995dc4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2922609,"id":"Q2922609"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$EA75E289-79FB-4DFC-9C20-2AD5349482C9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7daf9bb0cd010902de82015fb275e3b18e946882","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1817255,"id":"Q1817255"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$ECF86B80-BF76-4473-A589-83C3E5679700","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d464bc327ad5754f00804854b55b3ed552dbbc79","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5189544,"id":"Q5189544"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$62D86EEE-F410-4B59-B337-118E4C94B91D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"aa4147b894cc9ce75853108ec8ca9896a72c6037","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5335815,"id":"Q5335815"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$3809691C-B686-453A-A7B8-981F9AE92D98","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8ab98f9d075e736218c3e96cb796315f50ea82db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5793846,"id":"Q5793846"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$F42553C4-BCEC-4D80-8F03-0F515A34D147","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5800d93eb4f8caa03263f0b51c3001208ff1e9ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3050157,"id":"Q3050157"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$E126C487-8CB1-4E74-9F9E-5B4F32A0B87B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4635267942d9b063feb4a61187ddebbcfd83d1f5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2894087,"id":"Q2894087"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$32182FF3-167E-49AE-AAAD-E0B2511A25AE","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"eec35b42e151fc03a4446430853c7e80e46b17d8","datavalue":{"value":"Q129629317","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$CEF67DD1-CB05-4C02-B7BB-529BE2B8C6CA","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"f7e904c6218140263b60d0406eac7496a96f2db0","datavalue":{"value":"10.3390/G9030040","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$07CD20DC-1F72-4C10-BB61-3FDFE93647BE","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"233730b94181c2f100770c4e5ddd43d3af4fe45e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4571136,"id":"Q4571136"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0bf10f323db578c0e080c68a5d1e44da0bc489ab","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8166665434837341","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1630445$C8262514-0BE8-477A-8F1F-9C624E9166C1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d072fe964603266a89cfae36ccf7391c2646cc82","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5288503,"id":"Q5288503"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"86fb54cd8af11d12fa29b7042e6fb311fc9e3d4b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7880135178565979","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1630445$AF1D0F80-1337-48EA-8D49-0EDD97C29630","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6fafc4e07448d10510d66e3fd7adb754d16bf4c0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1825152,"id":"Q1825152"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"dc855dd171b279bca672a01f4afc56d919eed050","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7750988602638245","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1630445$207DB42A-9B32-49F2-8716-F9E62E169866","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"25be62c2676ccdda5e52e8132ab6793f509504b7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4311235,"id":"Q4311235"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"45e747cc26a2e405ba27208f8df84a4c281100f5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7744296789169312","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1630445$CDCC4874-CA80-492D-935A-218F225DC27E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6acab99ce3ad43f12adb69cd99811a8ea99766c4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":969506,"id":"Q969506"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d92e7503e1cfb7449f08bc4863172ff776d7eb09","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7654589414596558","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1630445$20A05913-E158-4959-873A-F173E4AB4114","rank":"normal"}],"P163":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P163","hash":"45fcd4163b5f33e6e8c784f5522d7246c0a1a61e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":57056,"id":"Q57056"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1630445$D9B00A0C-5724-4AC2-A2D8-8C63F9F253E8","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Buying optimal payoffs in bi-matrix games","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Buying_optimal_payoffs_in_bi-matrix_games"}}}}}