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This notion was introduced by \\textit{V. M. Kadets} in [Quaest. Math. 19, No. 1--2, 225--235 (1996; Zbl 0855.47021)] in the study of the Daugavet equation. An operator \\(T\\) on \\(X\\) satisfies the Daugavet equation if \\(\\|I+T\\|=1+\\|T\\|\\), where \\(I\\) is the identity operator on \\(X\\). For instance, this is true if \\(\\|T\\|\\in \\sigma(T)\\), where \\(\\sigma(T)\\) is the spectrum of \\(T\\).   If \\(M\\) is a set of operators on \\(X\\), then \\(X\\) is said to have the anti-Daugavet property with respect to \\(M\\) if every \\(T\\in M\\) which satisfies the Daugavet equation also satisties \\(\\|T\\|\\in \\sigma(T)\\).   It was proved by Kadets in [loc. cit.] that a finite-dimensional space \\(X\\) has the anti-Daugavet property with respect to all operators on \\(X\\) if and only if \\(X\\) is alternatively convex or smooth.   The authors of the present paper introduce the following notion: \\(X\\) has the anti-alternative Daugavet property with respect to \\(M\\) if the equivalence  \\[ \\max_{0\\leq \\theta\\leq 2\\pi}\\|I+e^{i\\theta}T\\|=1+\\|T\\| \\;\\;\\Leftrightarrow \\;\\;\\rho(T)=\\|T\\| \\]  holds for every \\(T\\in M\\), where \\(\\rho(T)\\) is the spectral radius of \\(T\\).   The numerical radius of an operator \\(T\\) on \\(X\\) is defined as  \\[ r(T):=\\sup\\{|f(Tx)|:x\\in X, \\, f\\in X^*, \\,f(x)=1=\\|x\\|=\\|f\\|\\}. \\]  \\(T\\) is said to attain its numerical radius if there are \\(x\\in X\\) and \\(f\\in X^*\\) with \\(f(x)=1=\\|x\\|=\\|f\\|\\) such that \\(|f(Tx)|=r(T)\\). Denote by \\(\\mathrm{NRA}(X)\\) the set of all operators on \\(X\\) which attain their numerical radius.   The main result of the paper is the following: \\(X\\) is alternatively convex or smooth if and only if \\(X\\) has the anti-alternative Daugavet property with respect to \\(\\mathrm{NRA}(X)\\) if and only if \\(X\\) has the anti-alternative Daugavet property with respect to the class of all rank-one operators in \\(\\mathrm{NRA}(X)\\).   A similar characterization for the anti-alternative Daugavet property with respect to the class of compact operators is also 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