{"entities":{"Q1650071":{"pageid":1660812,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1650071","lastrevid":81721277,"modified":"2026-05-06T19:12:09Z","type":"item","id":"Q1650071","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Ball divergence: nonparametric two sample test"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6897924"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$F0B65F4B-705C-469C-9454-8C813B09E031","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"ba66513245c4ad1c0f9f19086c92736dac97a3ff","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Ball divergence: nonparametric two sample test","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$637134E6-92C5-45C9-BF94-A5A1C10A361E","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"827605b551461284cb016fec0e750425f5376173","datavalue":{"value":"1395.62101","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$F277949D-5278-436F-ABF7-2C0178B97BEE","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"9a76b3e399ade1434ba85f5d0aba8d8b49e5226f","datavalue":{"value":"10.1214/17-AOS1579","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$69214FEF-7876-43A5-87BE-3F7BE85ECFAE","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"c86e920c26bd52ccbd75c277da31be7ad1f8562c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":667497,"id":"Q667497"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$76D80519-9F1B-4FD0-A414-B2BCC6511DFE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"d4983727512dbe3a7bfa09939daeeb0cdbd9f052","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":259146,"id":"Q259146"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$6A2E70C3-7DBC-47BD-AE06-6F57AE2DD628","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"2beca88c6969e734454abbbd97e695b52bc0432e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":372245,"id":"Q372245"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$69E317AF-F332-4A76-A991-E5BC7F5AB6C6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"e396247d01c03c9d6dd1cce22c8d92948693e4b8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":434100,"id":"Q434100"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$669849FC-94C0-4BF6-9084-774FC4D0A808","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"0b73f6da78562727d9e1c290db85e0053cdeb667","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":60819,"id":"Q60819"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$369FB701-F0AC-45AA-8F69-B6DC81872306","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"32b0733ce967f078ea92bef6c9d0a43d8e98427b","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2018-06-29T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$7943813E-7077-496F-997D-BBC346B110B4","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"5db33c123c12ca0371acd3e55d5567b4a4ff98e6","datavalue":{"value":"https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.aos/1525313077","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$4274F1DA-C469-406D-A51A-8CDE09CDDFAB","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"0d60c77043b5f2f476945ac992bfbf2c0a3d9dde","datavalue":{"value":"The authors introduce a novel measure between two probability measures called the ball divergence. It relies on the well-known fact that two probability measures on a separable Banach space equal if and only if they coincide on all balls. By constructing a finite sample version of the ball divergence, a nonparametric two sample test is constructed, which allows to test the null hypothesis that both measures are equal. This testing procedure can be interpreted as some sort of rank test, but differs fundamentally from the classic Kolmogorov-Smirnov and the Cram\u00e9r-von Mises test.   Letting the sizes \\(n\\) and \\(m\\) of the two samples tend to \\(\\infty\\), the authors provide asymptotic distributions of the test statistic under the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis that the underlying measures are different. Finally it is shown that the test based on the finite sample ball divergence is consistent against any general alternative, no matter what the ratio of \\(n\\) and \\(m\\) is. Besides working without any moment assumption, this implies that the test can also cope with imbalanced data.   Finally, finite sample properties of the test are investigated in a simulation study and on two real data examples from virtual drug screening and hormone replacement therapy.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$8FB82D15-43C6-48C4-908E-B99582E2451E","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"625b24a17b0a1308857359ac9f06427ad19b461b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":726122,"id":"Q726122"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$B640E5A2-92A1-4C32-81DE-E58CC4D93753","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"8f4b66340eaefaa5b879d5438c65b92fbb16c03f","datavalue":{"value":"62G10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$A7DDEC3A-31B1-42F2-AD48-0B7FF44B0854","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"bdc6d0880d442fd646c082c9721ab30d50d3f825","datavalue":{"value":"62H15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$AE25D630-E0A9-4E8E-BE21-9D87031EBE4D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"111e6ab7e1421da23c7541a67fc8b00de58fc7a9","datavalue":{"value":"62E20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$49DFC4BC-3A33-423E-B133-77500FF4794D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"708a6f1a75f978962215fcdf6748c16c77f4fd6e","datavalue":{"value":"62P10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$08A406C1-A063-494B-A388-2F640126A790","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"9b60e741de2579b6dd5e5114b0b0293ebd54587b","datavalue":{"value":"6897924","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$934DBCFF-14C7-46E8-A5BB-E2D82451EC26","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"40475231d744c8788952300a0d84ff997919a599","datavalue":{"value":"ball divergence","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$8EEA6251-3B0F-48EF-8D63-B4E4D01E4A3D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"79868fa7d2ed2a6553b37c589c14ecdcfeb2d4ec","datavalue":{"value":"Banach space","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$805C3481-491F-440F-8771-D21B4665B029","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0c0d788230041093a45f547293b734e80ae6f9f3","datavalue":{"value":"metric rank","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$857D0BAF-91AB-498F-AED8-B7C08BBE6C7C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8d02b2075f1614ed587b305929e962197e88d106","datavalue":{"value":"permutation procedure","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$144E57B2-F7AA-45F5-A7D5-761C7B93C85D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"25ff5496922afa9fb5823ae75a34563e4a5b6fec","datavalue":{"value":"nonparametric two sample test","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$9A80F7AD-0023-47D8-92DF-E3D56D5D1452","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ffc002903e33a776b38600b02a4328caf71123e8","datavalue":{"value":"asymptotic distributions","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$56BBE027-9DE4-4A9D-829D-CFDCC5CDC6F1","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"21c8a8de7a9a5bd08a2e64222077c964fc326358","datavalue":{"value":"Q57825301","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$CA041E0E-02CB-44B2-A8A0-97C7C1F676D9","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$9F4775F2-A3C2-499C-8B7E-70F75220D25B","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8edc1db37350a65274538003a639a8737dc88e90","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4882268,"id":"Q4882268"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$ACE29668-BA8E-4269-BA47-8C1813B7D9D9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4b115bd9b1d4c9a037ee6371cfb0d610c9d41b37","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3415147,"id":"Q3415147"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$2B06434F-1AE4-4B00-8250-A675D3A9273F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ea34e41dc5c0959a6e3beeb9a00a3b868e5452d4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5406359,"id":"Q5406359"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$77B3C16F-9591-4183-9281-D651DD382CD2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6f484684252358966ab7c41baa33c3ee494bcd6a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2380090,"id":"Q2380090"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$1781D9E3-5425-445A-BDAB-2E61D98EDA5F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"47b395685c7df633abc5f43a2ffb1bfcf995fff7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":961865,"id":"Q961865"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$36A5668B-6D01-451D-A09B-87E767C0EF40","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"28fd6fecf88bfe9b61c31116f55f31c40ebee892","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5517384,"id":"Q5517384"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$6CF918B1-91E7-4FFF-838B-AC10E4A12711","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"446f4d0c65a79d71c6ee7a562cc68881c0ea9ccd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4264415,"id":"Q4264415"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$DB964CB5-2D1E-4A12-86B0-800259A419F4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cd5a68a7213f51cdecd50798197246794d5e1ae2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1373970,"id":"Q1373970"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$30BB746C-947E-4292-9C22-3C21CB931DA0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0ee73f287fc681000174deb27c73719c84f10f14","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2456007,"id":"Q2456007"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$37555E15-40E1-4303-AF8E-519CEE8C1740","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9f10a04200b30a628d3e916eaae01e82dee86298","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3999009,"id":"Q3999009"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$FD61F921-F76A-4641-9F49-ECB20853DC79","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c120dc504553a3bc8806a5043d7fae9397b727ea","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1242594,"id":"Q1242594"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$D1A71BB9-3890-40A8-BDAC-1F496F7D2DA0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"357aa8ff89a9169737016191130569413e6eb317","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4009234,"id":"Q4009234"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$D59A7A80-A0B0-4DBA-BC87-543C02CD4834","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"87aaecd690b4e6c494683dd923978456cc256190","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":143203,"id":"Q143203"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$1C526362-73AD-4282-A0DC-1196EA9EBB78","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"25a73ca505f2336c977677bf74bfe2f1d6fbdd4a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2645915,"id":"Q2645915"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$91DABCC3-56FD-41AC-8E19-316AC835ABA3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4903f204d229fe512dea32aafa7edcd24d83ed69","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5771312,"id":"Q5771312"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$96657CB5-743A-4FE6-9F7E-2E5E539E12CA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4c77366870666064f79db12bdfe04ed8666cb98a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":85652,"id":"Q85652"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$BFD75F5F-A5EE-4404-8694-7DEDB8620A7F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0b1d6a2564558777865b1bdc10331ccbce002436","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5701117,"id":"Q5701117"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1650071$50D59C7C-9E71-4C61-9BB3-4DC7692E4417","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"160142fe6c758a5cf69c9a7b390204e798f40ad4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4729176,"id":"Q4729176"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2e23ce12bc145a11fd1279274c4a3abdf2996512","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7649570107460022","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1650071$F1A14D01-A523-4D11-9FB8-0F64ABAE7BEC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"73782bf1ba215d5af476b85637f3c9afae52e571","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":736593,"id":"Q736593"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7b223d6cf5551dbd373b652fa8408113d23cfb88","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7640340328216553","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1650071$39589347-3D25-4B3F-99C9-BFA22354DFFC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e8795ee2e703d68346e9032157b8eb969847fd42","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3822995,"id":"Q3822995"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"966e6bb0dcc1ecc6258b4ee13bfd861a184976da","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7600284218788147","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1650071$461E8B8C-D501-4F45-8C3C-31C808F59BFF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"226ccf1ee2fc2938b92e2087d6b3b79308237078","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3068120,"id":"Q3068120"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4ac0272357b9dd6886cb45d8dcf5dc5e5ec0675c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7409447431564331","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1650071$88F9E09E-30E8-49B1-96A3-BAF92520A2F7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"df1e06088c92d7d8075ccf7f3ac6f14a2948d93d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3086059,"id":"Q3086059"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"74729f90b2c73904b2ace62da05f90260739f6e5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7389435172080994","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1650071$951B6CC7-72A3-47A9-ABF3-A26F96BB4B88","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Ball divergence: nonparametric two sample test","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Ball_divergence:_nonparametric_two_sample_test"}}}}}