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For this system there exist formal solutions \\(Y^l(z)\\) and \\(Y^r(z)\\) to (1) of type   \\[ Y(z) = z^{rz}e^{-rz}\\bigg(Y_0 + \\frac{Y_1}{z} + \\dots\\bigg) \\mathrm{diag} (\\rho_1^zz^{d_1},\\dots,\\rho_n^zz^{d_n}); \\]   and such that the matrix \\(P(z) = (Y^r(z))^{-1}Y^l(z)\\) is periodic (\\(P(z + 1) = P(z)\\)) and its items can be represented as follows:   \\[ \\begin{aligned} p_{kk}(z) & = 1 + c_{kk}^{(1)}e^{2\\pi iz} + \\dots + c_{kk}^{(r-1)}e^{2\\pi(r-1)z} + e^{2\\pi id_k}e^{2\\pi i z}, \\\\ p_{kl}(z) & = e^{2\\pi\\lambda_{kl}z} (c_{kl}^{(0)} + c_{kl}^{(1)}e^{2\\pi iz} + \\dots + c_{kl}^{(r-1)}e^{2\\pi(r-1)iz}), \\quad k \\neq l, \\end{aligned}\\tag{2} \\]   with some (characteristic) constants \\(c_{kl}^{(s)}\\) and \\(d_k\\), and integers \\(\\lambda_{kl}\\). The main result is the following: for any \\(d_k\\) and \\(c_{kl}^{(s)}\\) such that the corresponding matrix-function \\(P(t)\\) with elements (2) has no multiple zeros, there exist matrices \\(A_0,\\ldots,A_{r-1}\\) determining system (1) with the characteristic constants \\(d_k\\) and \\(c_{kl}^{(s)}\\). The second part of the article is devoted to similar results for systems of linear difference equations of type   \\[ Y(qz) = A(z)Y(z) \\qquad (q \\in {\\mathbb C}, \\;|q| > 1). 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