{"entities":{"Q1683301":{"pageid":1694042,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1683301","lastrevid":68130039,"modified":"2026-04-12T21:37:53Z","type":"item","id":"Q1683301","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Asymptotically optimal control in a linear control system with fast and slow variables"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6816326"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1683301$921D57AA-9714-4181-A4B4-943DE6A9123A","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"0aac6e58b3bd1e2f61df70ac26d9d1b8e907dc02","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Asymptotically optimal control in a linear control system with fast and slow variables","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1683301$7D211310-3519-44D8-9420-17F8A6E91202","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"4fa4265ec5d894174918b96a0eaa904bf1d00fba","datavalue":{"value":"1380.49017","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1683301$560028CA-BCB9-49AF-BA15-FC6F31253891","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"d10dcb2623bfb653c7bf2597da8613ad77df666d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1683300,"id":"Q1683300"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1683301$2CF28D58-EA09-4FA6-B39D-02ABB547D23A","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"17c447c8e76a3a0e73a2c70a024d9ee2f8256c04","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":195577,"id":"Q195577"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1683301$2F7475E9-BE68-4047-B728-63732DE23B66","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"21d6b420be1b8ff2321307f141bac2dfb997b3c8","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2017-12-07T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1683301$891DEB63-6EB5-4F32-A089-BC52A1727225","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"10350cb8bf939d6a85e75a20d5fa0de867bfb280","datavalue":{"value":"The system is  \\[ \\begin{alignedat}{2}  x'(t) &= \\varepsilon (f(t, x(t), y(t)) + A(x(t))u(t)) , \\quad &x(0) &= x_0 \\\\ y'(t) &=  g(t, x(t), y(t)) , \\quad &y(0) &= y_0 \\end{alignedat} \\qquad 0 \\leq t \\leq T \\tag{1}  \\] where \\(\\varepsilon\\) is a small parameter, \\(T = L/\\varepsilon,\\) the components of \\(x(t) \\in {\\mathbb R}^n\\) are the \\textit{slow variables} and the components of \\(y(t) \\in {\\mathbb R}^m\\) are the \\textit{fast variables}. Controls take values in a convex compact set \\(U \\subset {\\mathbb R^r}\\) and are \\textit{admissible} if the solution exists in \\(0\\leq t \\leq T.\\) The control problem is  \\[ \\text{minimize }J(u) = \\varphi(x(T)) \\tag{2}  \\] over admissible controls. The \\textit{degenerate} system is obtained setting \\(\\varepsilon = 0\\) in (1), which makes \\(x\\) constant,  \\[  y'(t) = g(t, x, y(t)) \\, , \\qquad y(0) = y_0 \\, .\\, \\quad x = x(0) \\tag{3}  \\] and the \\textit{averaged} control problem is  \\begin{align*} z'(t) &= \\varepsilon (f_0(z(t)) + A(z(t))v(t)) , \\qquad z(0) = x_0 \\tag{4} \\\\ \\text{minimize }J(v) &= \\varphi(z(T)) \\tag{5} \\end{align*}  where \\(f_0(x)\\) is the average  \\[ f_0(x) = \\lim_{T \\to \\infty} \\int_{t_0}^{t_0 + T} f(s, x, h(s, x, y_0))ds  \\] with \\(h(t, x, y_0)\\) the solution of (3). The main result establishes that, under suitable conditions the solution of (1)--(2) approximates the solution of (4)--(5) when \\(\\varepsilon \\to 0\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1683301$9D0612F0-C404-42EB-BB62-3AE0D0A9BC23","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"71b174392024ff471fe883ab87527d44b0b1d9af","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":590499,"id":"Q590499"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1683301$F785B154-F6B2-4CEB-8271-CA445AFC5B06","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"18d3ff98a6b36ff583aa8db8acc5f9669058d6c6","datavalue":{"value":"49K15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1683301$7D3E24DB-91F3-4546-ABF3-E761F3630DFC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"3cf19f414d003b599cb8555b9227d1a95bcc55a3","datavalue":{"value":"93C15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1683301$62CCCE2E-ABA9-4C68-984B-385C91B6B007","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"8916b33b185196e62a3f531822a5496f56c7a20e","datavalue":{"value":"34M05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1683301$43778AFF-FC63-480E-8CAC-644FC42FF000","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"d0f902bfdad8c273c6efd42f7c420f90fb360721","datavalue":{"value":"6816326","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1683301$9AD22EB8-853A-49F5-ACE1-5501FF1D5298","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f47fee90c5592664decba5aa2e51ae852ecd7730","datavalue":{"value":"optimal control","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1683301$8389CB60-281F-4560-A9EF-6A0D14880024","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"72c44891c3875137e1a73cab302a76f4a9f69cec","datavalue":{"value":"asymptotic optimal control","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1683301$0EFD5AD2-EA3D-45A2-A929-ED05D7F526D9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fa1d4cc5f7fa4837bb642248492f672ddbcdfcc2","datavalue":{"value":"approximation of optimal controls","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1683301$B69A6A69-9AAF-4C26-BC17-2C54F71E305A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"594f62c9bbb771b33d835436579be0966d4a3e13","datavalue":{"value":"slow variables","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1683301$1D73066F-4A7A-4E8B-9063-7A1E6B545AFA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4fb57ddaa359cd2d27b45643e4e1bc9ec422f98f","datavalue":{"value":"fast variables","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1683301$59321916-176F-4CD6-9E8F-73A1F31D9EFF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"10406e7cede620e60593d4c2391147ba3368e2a6","datavalue":{"value":"averaged control system","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1683301$19B558D5-16E4-4B98-A03B-C9121280B1F1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f42c503124a2198d9f28d872da18793da7b94a2a","datavalue":{"value":"optimal control systems with small parameters","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1683301$5DCF447A-9BF1-4C1D-985F-47DDB7B2FACA","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1683301$5BC7F8AA-C117-4F5D-9FC3-192B467ACD7B","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"6402d18eb8911bd076cbcdc5a99a3e443cb1732a","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10958-017-3530-1","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1683301$E50D4C58-9BEA-4AB8-91A7-59E6FB8809B8","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"1df8539f050c7b6b5703ce340d5b4afb243fdb1d","datavalue":{"value":"W2755918685","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1683301$FBB70BF6-D7CB-4F05-BE4A-15C5B397E060","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e63b4c8b3d0e525e2326bcabeebf5f86e4377e36","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":275375,"id":"Q275375"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1683301$B093D795-F115-421C-871B-E5DEC4340B79","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d6f1c7909ca49029fc1cf9bcf5c02dae497807ef","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5542360,"id":"Q5542360"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1683301$621DC549-255B-4CA1-9BD9-0776490296A5","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"a6d6da4e5a61cbdd764115851f33a7c3e6cc8daa","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S10958-017-3530-1","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1683301$3A661F4E-0253-4B58-BE13-0B016F6768F0","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"fa44f2cb6371ec3f9dc5519043fa626f60ab9d9b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1914334,"id":"Q1914334"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"dfda7111fe606a2e8a3c3c2a6df32c2d041de18b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9487303","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1683301$59BB8322-7539-4288-9473-0B6A8AA7D335","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4cd7aad2a95a83f6fa6957421006b51dbd0adcb8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6169137,"id":"Q6169137"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7e6b0a29fe27acd32b0a3c256309897adf858bbc","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.91688615","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1683301$B4D70156-E6C9-464F-8BF8-39E7B4F5993B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c7c3e9faeb8541e563efe7aea181e50a893546a6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":885727,"id":"Q885727"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"dfe355f7ed1b050100a9a29b265bcc12c11e8b28","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.91031516","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1683301$C3F788EB-BD2D-491F-AC33-43212D3666BB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f3fdd7f804cb07505996964d0aa854d4f8fd891c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5346502,"id":"Q5346502"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"864a336728360f19a1ddc82bfe30d5aa73939090","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.91000915","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1683301$390A632A-096B-410F-AFCF-0F7D6665BE2C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1c3a75184db892025fe2547433871f07aec0def1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3032163,"id":"Q3032163"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d00f0b4dc66c0200c7452cc2aaea58ab5f478e7a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9072525","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1683301$7C9855D3-4345-465C-99C3-1BEBEB568ED0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"56e8f2e36c43f28705e92c8295045181d6fe9b06","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1370003,"id":"Q1370003"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4d04d361d07adf36b88734a27a3e99958b0eed6a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9034995","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1683301$276999A3-8108-45C7-8F4D-D015EB79D1EA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"13fc2d414a08940d38e624c6219198d4bc8d5aeb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3464096,"id":"Q3464096"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5b7acd08e3763602f7e3812f37254bed98d6d8f1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9023695","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1683301$2470AC92-D280-49FB-B833-79233D0EE45D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d63851d59dba21a35362949077f516051537eb58","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4355408,"id":"Q4355408"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7837b61e4197a8aee7a53a9e3ca7122d9774f901","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9014582","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1683301$4A99CE82-E3A2-4360-AB63-96DFCE45CB01","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c04ce71d176f009ddb3b11538da20e3f9550905a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4235070,"id":"Q4235070"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0710ddeab11474166eb57243711e1343115538c5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.90141964","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1683301$4599968A-3426-41A8-95D4-6974B44218D1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7a9f9ea8d75901cf0d53cd226527c9c7f3ef96cc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3357770,"id":"Q3357770"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f4f00ac8b22bee82687a952fe7136df6a002e15e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.90044457","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1683301$8DF349BB-C1BB-4A53-A338-C4DBDA9EE7DA","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Asymptotically optimal control in a linear control system with fast and slow variables","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Asymptotically_optimal_control_in_a_linear_control_system_with_fast_and_slow_variables"}}}}}