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More precisely, let \\((X,E)\\longrightarrow(V,0)\\) be the minimal good resolution of a complex normal surface singularity and let \\(S_X=(\\Omega^1_X(\\log E))^*\\) be the bundle of logarithmic derivations. The author conjectured [Algebr. Geom. 2, No. 3, 315--331 (2015; Zbl 1322.14056)] that for general surface singularities  \\[  h^1(\\mathcal{O}_X) - h^1(S_X) + h^1(\\bigwedge^2S_X) \\geq 0,  \\]  with equality if and only if \\((V,0)\\) is quasi-homogeneous (if \\((V,0)\\) is not Gorenstein, otherwise the inequality is true with 1 on the right hand side). For a rational singularity the term \\( h^1(S_X)\\) measures the number of equisingular moduli and is difficult to compute. The next term equals \\(h^1(-(K_X+E))\\), the second plurigenus, and can be computed from the resolution graph. In the same paper the Rational Conjecture (i.e., the rational case of the general conjecture) was shown for star-shaped graphs.  The \\(h^1\\) of the restrictions of the bundles involved to the exceptional set can be computed solely from the graph. If \\((V,0)\\) is not simple elliptic or a cusp, then \\(h^1(\\mathcal{O}_E) - h^1(S_X\\otimes\\mathcal{O}_E) + h^1(-(K_X+E)\\otimes\\mathcal{O}_E) =1-\\delta\\) with \\(\\delta=1\\) for a star-shaped graph and \\(0\\) otherwise. So the inequality in the Main Conjecture holds when \\(h^1(S_X)=h^1(S_X\\otimes\\mathcal{O}_E)\\), e.g. if \\(h^1(S_X(-E)) = 0\\). If the \\(-E_i\\cdot E_i\\) are big enough relative to the genus and valency of \\(E_i\\) for all \\(i\\), then such a cohomological vanishing result can be proved via so-called ``easy vanishing theorems'' of the author [Invent. Math. 31, 17--41 (1975; Zbl 0314.14010)].  To prove the Rational Conjecture in more cases, with weaker assumptions on \\(-E_i\\cdot E_i\\) a ``hard vanishing theorem'' is needed, which is false in prime characteristic. The long argument involves a detailed study of maps between cohomology groups. To formulate one result, let \\(t_i'\\) denote the number of intersections with curves which are not end-curves. If for a rational singularity with reduced fundamental cycle \\(-E_i\\cdot E_i\\geq t_i+t_i'-2\\) for all \\(i\\), except for exactly one or exactly two separated by a string of rational curves \\(-E_i\\cdot E_i= t_i+t_i'-3\\), then the Rational Conjecture holds.  The computations allow to recover easily a part of Laufer's classification of taut singularities, namely those with reduced fundamental cycle. The methods of this paper enable one to extend this partial classification to characteristic 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