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This group contains in particular the information of the action of the absolute Galois group on dessins d'enfants.  In [\\textit{P. Guillot}, Springer Proc. Math. Stat. 159, 159--191 (2016; Zbl 1357.14031)] the author defined the Grothendieck-Teichm\u00fcller group \\(\\mathcal{GT}(G)\\) of a finite group \\(G\\). In a similar way as above, this group encodes via a map \\(\\mathrm{Gal}(\\overline{\\mathbb{Q}}/\\mathbb{Q}) \\to \\mathcal{GT}(G)\\) the action of the absolute Galois group on the set of dessins d'enfants whose monodromy group is \\(G\\) and, actually, one can retrieve the classical Grothendieck-Teichm\u00fcller group \\(\\widehat{GT}_{0}\\) as the inverse limit \\(\\lim_{G} \\mathcal{GT}(G)\\). In this context, the interesting part of the group \\(\\mathcal{GT}(G)\\) consists of the subgroup \\(\\mathcal{GT}_{1}(G)\\) corresponding to the non-abelian part of the Galois action.  The object of this paper is the study of the Grothendieck-Teichm\u00fcller group of the group \\(G=\\mathrm{PSL}(2,q)\\). The main result is that the group \\(\\mathcal{GT}_{1}(\\mathrm{PSL}(2,2^{s}))\\) is trivial for all \\(s\\geq 1\\) and the group \\(\\mathcal{GT}_{1}(\\mathrm{PSL}(2,q))\\) is isomorphic to certain product \\(C_{2}^{n_{1}}\\times D_{8}^{n_{2}}\\), for \\(q\\) odd.  The proof is based on a characterization of this group as a subgroup of the permutation group on the set of conjugacy classes of triples of generators of \\(G\\). The author uses then the classification of triples of generators of \\(\\mathrm{PSL}(2,q)\\) in [\\textit{A. M. Macbeath}, Proc. Symp. Pure Math. 12, 14--32 (1969; Zbl 0192.35703)] to determine the subgroup \\(\\mathcal{GT}_{1}(G)\\).  As a consequence of this result, the author also proves that the field of moduli of any dessin whose monodromy group is isomorphic to \\(\\mathrm{PSL}(2,q)\\) has derived length 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