{"entities":{"Q1708883":{"pageid":1719624,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1708883","lastrevid":53049446,"modified":"2026-01-24T03:09:14Z","type":"item","id":"Q1708883","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Undead argument: the truth-functionality objection to fuzzy theories of vagueness"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6853137"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$A8F7B032-E82D-40C6-9D39-37CFB504024B","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"38bc62e142b9770f4d728c3ebc8112af291b57af","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Undead argument: the truth-functionality objection to fuzzy theories of vagueness","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$6B982864-9941-4F26-B22B-C4908305DB5F","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"4d3ff77209bf960f9d878f8269b2fbb7e4a2c1c8","datavalue":{"value":"1426.03021","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$F42BF54B-7183-4CF0-93AD-9C282B7B13A9","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"e62c0603b7d3b93f1398f3b5355089c1b6590600","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":907885,"id":"Q907885"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$69D42757-83FA-4665-92F7-3EA42F943396","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"28921346d64a666ce2dd47540df2f388e07634f5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":162813,"id":"Q162813"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$B49E882E-BD91-414D-AED9-4721A6DACEC4","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"b89ae30ad9dd2575aee905585ba5c4c25af3d67d","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2018-03-27T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$725519A5-A051-4967-AAF9-CDE699A83DA5","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"e4128b54c519a537c6bfc4ef5f7b8e6be8d84291","datavalue":{"value":"The paper discusses one of the objections against theories of vagueness based on fuzzy logics, namely that these theories are incompatible with ordinary usage of compound propositions involving vague predicates in the presence of borderline cases. The author first lists these objections. For example, if a certain blob is on the border of pink and red and $P$ is the sentence `the blob is pink' and $R$ is the sentence `the blob is red', then, according to \\textit{K. Fine} [Synthese 30, 265--300 (1975; Zbl 0311.02011)], $P \\wedge P$ is equivalent to $P$ and hence not clearly true nor clearly false, while $P \\wedge R$ is clearly false. Hence, given that truth degrees of $P$ and $R$ are identical, this is an argument against any truth functional account of conjunction. Several possible responses to these objections are listed. They can be divided into the following three categories: (i) disputing the data, (ii) accommodating the data and (iii) questioning the relevance of data. \\par Then, the author proposes a hypothesis falling into category (iii) above saying that intuitions or empirical data from questionaries about compound statements involving vague predicates in the presence of borderline cases do not flow from subjects' competence with those predicates. Therefore, arguments against fuzzy logic-based theories of vagueness relying on these data are not really relevant. Various aspects and consequences of this hypothesis are discussed, notably its relation to the position of fuzzy theories of vagueness among other possible approaches to it. The author concludes that objections mentioned at the beginning of this review do not have any force and that fuzzy theories of vagueness play a central role in the explanation of ordinary usage of vague language.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$E162E232-9B32-4F09-A9BA-A96C73646698","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"a377c80214f30aeb042d1c4da8a6505830b02d5c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":425558,"id":"Q425558"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$A7543AF9-5DEA-4BEE-9526-DC5335A76FAF","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"0ad6448c9e3f2394361827e5c2d117e48dc71794","datavalue":{"value":"03B52","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$D03B9173-29C2-40B6-BD4C-2CAE3EF527F6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"48a2830216eefdc24b89ba9895c8f20366f6740d","datavalue":{"value":"03A05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$3279F177-95BD-47E8-82C0-645B98849932","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"aebedcbc6ea79e3c56d5432d91ddf1b69d06fcb8","datavalue":{"value":"03B65","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$6975F826-DC94-4200-9C4A-8B9A0F5DBDAA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"bf715f882d7ad0c07303aa3e6e3ac3725da52515","datavalue":{"value":"03B50","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$346B1B74-36F2-4BA9-9262-8F619083F928","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"d7ba1d02672ac5cca27b17ee3593575dee06a6d1","datavalue":{"value":"6853137","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$127C0EB3-BD58-49A9-A2C3-39FB90CD389B","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6d834f814842f0c1d2a9fa2e1fc082c3f29b523d","datavalue":{"value":"vagueness","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$018A029C-F77E-4ECB-A09B-EF2DB2663830","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fd7f7273b8e7f89d50335f2519dbd31cec7b734e","datavalue":{"value":"fuzzy logic","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$03635E82-A1AF-4FD0-970D-F74128EE90ED","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"42a1e6de62f7ecc0960618928ea269d08485d387","datavalue":{"value":"truth-functionality","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$55D01A72-6606-4653-B748-D328668DA942","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$07F68C6A-DB8C-44F0-A86C-352A455BEA93","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"eb572e91963f42eb28e95c84cb400fa63ba40bd4","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-014-0651-7","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$5E8AD94E-9BD3-41A3-AB80-CF29287AF323","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"71eb2385c7a25ab6ba42bc8adcb0ab53e2b80bc1","datavalue":{"value":"W2053311157","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$C264A777-E8D2-491B-B611-FC9BAD06BDF3","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"50613a33dcd2b535c6ad0745ae9c021b22c1b2c5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3075253,"id":"Q3075253"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$5B5DE53B-BE4F-4C45-A910-C6A2E0D703F9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c7bc15f249726e286830d3ad1d34138fb5e2e3d4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4893133,"id":"Q4893133"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$8C311A9A-A9CA-4D78-83D0-4B8818BCAB13","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a7a1e33a55231b6cf5b0732340b6f8a11d28cef8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":907886,"id":"Q907886"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$AF26B8CC-A600-4E2C-8F75-8218927E7963","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"64ba12b04d29bb7c1d263de949a0aeb67fbe032d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3111720,"id":"Q3111720"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$27D61F11-EBFC-4747-AA04-E47243126F3F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0c5224669c47d2af77ace63c62dc87a373986e4d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4797164,"id":"Q4797164"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$36CFB5D6-5F29-4DB0-BCFF-4702FADC612A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"40a4aa2773bd53ecb3efef5cbb56899d34051909","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4906777,"id":"Q4906777"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$BE320A12-B562-49D3-8DAC-2BA6E6810FDF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"818ee8e230eab9ed36a6edb13ad65059391f73f4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5387894,"id":"Q5387894"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$E670F389-9C03-4EA6-8143-AF1B7D890BD1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"aeec2b7d78b58bc9afb26acbbaa0d20b05af2f2a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1219258,"id":"Q1219258"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$3D41065F-AED5-4D6E-A3F4-89206A023010","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9f421884f879ae4e0048a14b487c578b45714b0b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1307301,"id":"Q1307301"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$1368980B-14B3-466E-B0D7-0FF349E177A3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a969b6b448daac8cf27b582a1e6ff17ed251819a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4073294,"id":"Q4073294"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$94996214-2F76-44D8-9B30-BAB70ECF98E1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cadfce6930f8dbea4b4f184fe8bd624a3affb32c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1229694,"id":"Q1229694"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$D2828FE2-E872-42A5-A5E5-C3032362A5E0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e63fd36ea5018fabb66f58bc7250adaaf5db9220","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3075259,"id":"Q3075259"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$B0EA18BA-B732-4D2E-914B-4B193DA1D77B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"171883a1dbca761794d83071906c97c5665877d3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4906761,"id":"Q4906761"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$845511F1-5BB6-4085-B47D-B08FB72A9713","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8cae339c916d1149d6bb14a710ceffbbba11674a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4912998,"id":"Q4912998"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$2E36CC44-5EB6-45C5-9A9C-BD68CCD3FF96","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f57d178337f404402ceb922d17487d6c331dae4e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4906776,"id":"Q4906776"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$8BC054A5-2B05-429C-8609-F9DD1C534633","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7d9675a5ba93ee18610aa27c39349e2b13987615","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4906760,"id":"Q4906760"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$69E1C968-7A1B-4E76-A2CB-24217C1CC8CC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"919d5232793ecfe740e82355ea229d16248f620d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1095903,"id":"Q1095903"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$EF2EB014-DF9D-4E29-BD87-7CAE9FD7CA33","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"37f4111d3b549f3a84275f80515fccb114d3ebe7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4342080,"id":"Q4342080"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$66C2DAC0-0278-4C22-A2EE-DB55A6FBC4D2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bcb744d67b4a9b397c180a54dc668f99bf9fc9d1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4192999,"id":"Q4192999"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$47E283D3-35CA-42CA-9D23-0DEC8060D9F3","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"153c19b42f48b843bf0aa61716df0182a005b050","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S11229-014-0651-7","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1708883$99323100-D101-4F4E-9B36-788A865CF86C","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e3de6d2839ed0eccfc6282e6c4ea8c41230394c8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4906776,"id":"Q4906776"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ba9307050e700b2838b9475f3842279328fe6022","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.777815580368042","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1708883$609352D4-45A9-484D-83F9-E8903F12B9CE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"85bc50c5a2e4d67a9070a6798d2b6c004cf31ed4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5192346,"id":"Q5192346"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ce7ababce64b3100ba40c65ba28eb70ea2e03681","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7442725300788879","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1708883$9790645A-DB7C-4CBA-ABBB-A2DBA28E9CCD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"08f5b9e5659ec61581d4a247ae1afd146be4950b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4906754,"id":"Q4906754"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"94483d11ffdcd428c72294e797dcb9604fb5cdf4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7385157346725464","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1708883$3DC15D96-FBD7-4D5A-9E51-1CD113DABBE8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6237b093ed1579dd7c8dd0a55713df2046c8bf3f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4861649,"id":"Q4861649"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f93496156f50638893130d7552918780dcc65fa6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.738385021686554","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1708883$FB99B545-F38F-4C35-AC73-59FF7394DEC4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1474484ec87e602d185c5ce75fccd0f22d5ff34b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1015491,"id":"Q1015491"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9782f3c19dd407a7564f748c92e46db80c74339b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7334651947021484","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1708883$1E1D6CC0-A932-4E04-BD23-9653D1710362","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1708883","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1708883"}}}}}