{"entities":{"Q1712136":{"pageid":1722877,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1712136","lastrevid":56707950,"modified":"2026-03-19T01:59:29Z","type":"item","id":"Q1712136","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"How to split gains and losses? Experimental evidence of dictator and ultimatum games"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7003971"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$EFFDF13A-4E63-4ABD-84A3-978F30619C48","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"cbfbcd9f410c5793c204e7281c2eaa1a5df31848","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"How to split gains and losses? Experimental evidence of dictator and ultimatum games","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$FA6277FC-C3A2-488A-BBF7-CDE12594E0E7","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"db05f369ab5469d10834a2bbbfd7365f62f63b66","datavalue":{"value":"1419.91197","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$A5107F3C-FA80-451C-BAEB-A4B410753FA5","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"0ddf53fb09c4e4ee45ac66fffeba937512fdd55d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1667024,"id":"Q1667024"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$3B2C9E4F-E245-468E-ADC3-8423400A8CC4","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"6589dcc6fefca0e1b5c725a60b6e53eec3d18a30","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":725005,"id":"Q725005"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$E55768F6-07D8-42C9-A176-471CB1B701EF","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"8fff9bd45b0fd47846e73735b339a81986d60014","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2019-01-21T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$F8EC7ADE-A92E-4B34-9DB6-4F5E487AE915","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"e2b719cc3a14494e10764b2a6111f65f2c5ed4cd","datavalue":{"value":"Summary: Previous research has typically focused on distribution problems that emerge in the domain of gains. Only a few studies have distinguished between games played in the domain of gains from games in the domain of losses, even though, for example, prospect theory predicts differences between behavior in both domains. In this study, we experimentally analyze players' behavior in dictator and ultimatum games when they need to divide a monetary loss and then compare this to behavior when players have to divide a monetary gain. We find that players treat gains and losses differently in that they are less generous in games over losses and react differently to prior experiences. Players in the dictator game become more selfish after they have had the experience of playing an ultimatum game first.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$98C7C086-2B5F-415E-895A-DE281EB3BE7A","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"1719d6d4a46dfaf08e2506975c465c5a82f3168b","datavalue":{"value":"91A90","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$B5C3E396-E481-4193-9A74-9D64466028D0","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"3b31ac34e5e86661bd9b232d188dcc5fb40fa54a","datavalue":{"value":"7003971","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$57A23BC7-7E76-4548-9E6F-CAFC1F9530F1","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"27bebffa715839a02fadd25e210d3d18f9ad7b81","datavalue":{"value":"dictator game","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$D0A1BE42-A8D4-4B0D-8D15-53C6795F1F6D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f4521ac2b5fe78814d994ce838c3416084d8173b","datavalue":{"value":"ultimatum game","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$9CA1D436-6B3A-406F-86F0-3511A098CE9F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5b59aee18ede319e2fe3ac1c8b739476668e0e25","datavalue":{"value":"gains","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$9C6CD655-FB19-4EC4-9A07-B598151C1278","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"aae9a0a081a0b11b07afdcfb540967d243641a78","datavalue":{"value":"losses","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$44E2CCB0-080F-469C-98B6-0F68674A7546","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"97d4ccfa477adaac19212fad650ce7aca0f56f6a","datavalue":{"value":"equal split","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$9E102287-B5A4-42F8-A534-613DC24A1128","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"66c8e906199a292f1490e92940a7ef258375f227","datavalue":{"value":"experimental economics","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$865BF0F8-1F22-42C0-9298-2AB9711FCA65","rank":"normal"}],"P1463":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1463","hash":"dd94b43bce36f87cf8472afa519cb52cb27a53bb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":23647,"id":"Q23647"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$F789CA83-83FA-417F-BE3A-A23A8373EAA5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1463","hash":"b456b9f2ba5628af24a31ef9b79a99c50d1961d6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":54068,"id":"Q54068"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$17735381-637E-470C-AA12-9C52D6E8DA3C","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$A75FA584-B130-4546-80B7-E574A3C1A120","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"4fae16b99c3bacf00b3e2ff684efe6d4606392da","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g9040078","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$EE3C031E-61A7-4D07-AFD6-55A6893917F8","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"035c1f0f538e39d153ddd4cc6e55cc0fbfbc44bd","datavalue":{"value":"W2895579400","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$5AED7F35-BFAE-4B7F-96A3-7E2FE7135450","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"05254b8e797ac46ee0e704c371dc331cec207a7d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":550176,"id":"Q550176"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$6064D66E-B686-4ECB-849A-36671E26F39D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2d3c606f9302c146e98767e779181e05b2133fa0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1651913,"id":"Q1651913"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$A58C26F6-1313-4E6D-9AE8-17D99470D949","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8edf84023c729bb1bc884a20d90ca601b2e20c1c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1324084,"id":"Q1324084"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$BA165BE7-CCA2-4B8B-A5A5-AD89A559BDA5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5d4357d69f66c65c0a5d34847887b652f9768cb4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4198292,"id":"Q4198292"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$AD85C7E4-107F-461E-AE0A-032396D16B2E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"09f1324acd12aa223dc474bc09184f701ece276c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1196177,"id":"Q1196177"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$C577F5E5-7566-4B54-9A4E-35B6962DC5F6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b12e9d1d39ef4dcd267e1b48d1c648b8a3f4d6be","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":934688,"id":"Q934688"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$F91E81DB-9F97-44B5-86B7-C2781B94B05D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fcf957ec604fab82baa0db26f59862bb4c1ae902","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4311884,"id":"Q4311884"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$012A636B-3B7E-4ABF-9F25-9DE9E7AA50D5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"052cee30a94cc2652ec7c361b8b4b653e31cdff5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3589656,"id":"Q3589656"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$3349823D-0EF1-4032-8814-518EDF71CABC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4d6421cebc82107d62b4a09e49900234eaae8fd4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1651890,"id":"Q1651890"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$4976620C-BDA4-4EEA-94BB-13305AD89CD0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"716b9932f09087ecd244ba6645b9bab34d0ba2fa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4685762,"id":"Q4685762"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$CAE68C2D-82F1-4FC2-836A-F37A1FF3F9A9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"55abda9a40b8ea34f75217d64519fa8c3a3284b5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1742152,"id":"Q1742152"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$818E704D-742C-4C9C-AE77-6DF41AECF62F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4dffda36d9c51fa09e5aa657218da385f287c390","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3997553,"id":"Q3997553"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$DACF5E92-951F-49B1-9063-5306066330F2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d83600cba77d45d13dfb7f52cb33e100908066ba","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4269785,"id":"Q4269785"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$61F9FC90-83CD-4BF1-9830-67AF6D8D914B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"802ea72a67e4cb8a8ecb931ea50aa6f348fd8aae","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1896667,"id":"Q1896667"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$F02219C1-3D07-451E-AA0F-0366AA899E94","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fa4c288867616fe9b958849d0a2837a50af4831d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5953419,"id":"Q5953419"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$B08F60AC-2D8E-49AB-89AF-7D983B4EABBE","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"db632ca7c55697c7e7c45f1d8328f83197239ff5","datavalue":{"value":"10.3390/G9040078","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$C1241AB1-D2DC-4E4A-84CF-71F0EE6A0038","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f50f389755b390b21e12cf8f6c2310ccde7120f2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":826642,"id":"Q826642"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f562cbafd8a49bd1c566244839b19e1547fffb60","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7770776748657227","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1712136$65101626-E49C-4CF6-8E93-C48B5F9DB1BE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7190ab70ec0c1b1872c9903f9d3ae0d569a04086","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4685762,"id":"Q4685762"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f5693245be4ec61376395ac39fe5982353674cfe","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.764026403427124","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1712136$0F9C1A92-FED1-4B53-9B3A-FF8F3F6EF69A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a7034aed78b166aa798b4a1e9dbe7494a6cef22e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3589656,"id":"Q3589656"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e871fba2080f6253b55cab2ccc5b5e48692ca4a7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.752265214920044","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1712136$FF3A123F-1CC1-4484-BDD3-AAB1058B978A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ec137542661719c78269eb7529a447959f8481c1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1342401,"id":"Q1342401"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9bfe34c7354fc6c9f031237676bc69a02aa1e79d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7411041855812073","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1712136$137BBF6F-6021-49AB-AA08-B2886468FC53","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"459fcdb03183161c425b059b3ccb7fe56dcd243a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1972231,"id":"Q1972231"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7a77bc59881f66d330b449a371503b309223fd70","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7390081286430359","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1712136$6724966C-0592-4A2D-A652-CF854341C5BE","rank":"normal"}],"P163":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P163","hash":"45fcd4163b5f33e6e8c784f5522d7246c0a1a61e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":57056,"id":"Q57056"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1712136$A3BD8439-CD4F-41FB-B782-4C7553D5D3BD","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1712136","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1712136"}}}}}