{"entities":{"Q1714468":{"pageid":1725209,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1714468","lastrevid":74262096,"modified":"2026-04-14T19:14:24Z","type":"item","id":"Q1714468","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Ptolemaic planetary models and Kepler's laws"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7010510"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$0A55074A-2839-4333-AAD3-9BFF461C2E42","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"4df1693a13e91a7cb1520ca384677294179f06fd","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Ptolemaic planetary models and Kepler's laws","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$12D11D4E-A8EB-40F8-A611-40111BEE1071","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"9148bcbc31a5c3f6a5353deb1120d90f89f68dc6","datavalue":{"value":"1408.01002","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$66C8F0C2-A8C9-48BF-B588-5A8DBC62797D","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"df3392753755937ca5a46591596e5c7c60142de2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":524419,"id":"Q524419"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$00AA1E34-49EF-42E3-B7AF-D3DE487B6AD8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"73af83a51b17adf339739b350d6e3e95b1a263a4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1714467,"id":"Q1714467"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$9E6132F8-BD8A-4160-AA3B-6E5F143A1C61","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"ebf23693319ee957a4c1feb48a4bcbe814d1fcce","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":172610,"id":"Q172610"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$BA74FB57-3E14-4580-B104-354BF7FA33E2","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"3f4145805478faad59761c3ff4a8cc3fff513172","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$FC13C797-C7D9-4478-A944-93CD79D402A8","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"2358e8574424335e70339525d9ae49cd4134e0ba","datavalue":{"value":"\\textit{N. M. Swerdlow} [``The empirical foundations of Ptolemy's planetary theory'', J. Hist. Astron. 35, No. 3, 249--271 (2004; \\url{doi:10.1177/002182860403500301})] observed that ``Ptolemy's model was the best approximation to Kepler's laws before Kepler's laws''. The aim of this paper is to present the most detailed case possible for that statement by presenting a ``comprehensive explanation of the mathematical and theoretical relation between all the aspects of Ptolemaic planetary models and their counterparts which are built according to Kepler's first two laws'' and ``to analyze in a precise manner the predictive differences which arise from comparing Ptolemaic and Keplerian models, making clear distinctions between those differences which must be attributed to the structural variations between the models, and those which are due to the specific parameters Ptolemy determined''. It contains a very thorough geometrical analysis of the differences between the models and will likely become a standard reference for this question.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$222E4E80-18BB-480E-B57F-06CAD4D5D12E","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"d2936d2ca75b282fe91002e3a0760ae48486e8ea","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":482534,"id":"Q482534"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$7C9A594D-8D0F-4F8E-BFA8-CDE7F135F9E4","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"a8eec303a1936cabedb646ebcb2c6afcd3821a7f","datavalue":{"value":"01A20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$AC4EAD25-1351-42D9-A6D0-0D181C9A610C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"01054dc6ba33aba8a952621f3343b259f4539d2d","datavalue":{"value":"01A45","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$4F1EC9EC-9329-4FD6-875B-C874B75D792A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"473a4e3037d3bf0fb4633c4c3d55d703a11f6a74","datavalue":{"value":"51-03","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$8EADBB7A-21C1-4D49-8128-CB24248C249D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"d4be5f1df4918304ef2c29bd3d5a77326bd4a09c","datavalue":{"value":"70-03","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$853B82D8-3F28-4D73-8F6F-626508C7EA47","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"62877f2ccac0dcbf9bc3ad45825f03bb2a5a5a79","datavalue":{"value":"85-03","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$28CEF944-C93F-4FAC-B775-CEDA22A105F4","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"05f0e2a2e1680275eb8d33291dafdde7a51583ca","datavalue":{"value":"7010510","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$9B9447FF-3C19-4EF6-9B17-6826B90C1B48","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"232f400e223adc0fea02db48d460701c55f04907","datavalue":{"value":"Ptolemy's model","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$A17FF709-DBC0-4C39-844A-02C45DE168F3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4d96951b713860d965bbd18f0db1eae62fce1100","datavalue":{"value":"Kepler's laws","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$179B8DA1-EE3D-4EEA-8E5D-A741EDBD6235","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$0D16A526-5F99-49C3-8419-F7996589EA7F","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"9f816a79201b19a57d0163fdb647313c0693c767","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00407-018-0219-x","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$CBD12C12-DE7E-4329-BE7F-6C458162A34D","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"ad349ee1eceadca5ce8969ceb8bbbe2043376785","datavalue":{"value":"W2903183340","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$71759CD0-6A36-4C3B-A326-0E22DE18BDF9","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ad577189de6d00e5e6f81a78aa6379bb66e930ed","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4789277,"id":"Q4789277"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$0A54855C-6380-431C-B92E-A29047951F96","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"dbff0eed6e45121841c5dc93f1f4eea30201b8e8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4180314,"id":"Q4180314"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$83B41034-4A83-49CF-8A12-D99EA0E40155","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"643cca861486aa1239224f61c2341b9f9e97dac0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5821085,"id":"Q5821085"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$38AF4FE7-F536-4B90-88A5-2B1A382BA177","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8fe1404c0475c7f7c0dcc73e53dee3d026421c12","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3458968,"id":"Q3458968"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$B0147100-9984-418E-AA54-F1EE012AB3CA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4a51ef33acbe1ed0b9e68331646d6e3296238783","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":992746,"id":"Q992746"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$30C57DD0-FD76-46D8-A0FA-5AACF475B252","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"83a1852546e990beedd682678509c77e5db37604","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4509116,"id":"Q4509116"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$560F223E-14F3-4A91-B64E-0EABE9D21557","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0faee90ac44873b0399879ae9bcff8130364cd27","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6165750,"id":"Q6165750"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$8DF5E16D-44BF-4A58-B54A-6AB35925B11C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fa1f99252a3b7a1876b622a7a4ba1a48a056fff5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5677430,"id":"Q5677430"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$938E534F-90AF-47A8-866A-BE9150750571","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"fcc4d9aab13a234ce53ee15c6a7819a2075a6ae8","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S00407-018-0219-X","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1714468$C8FCE9CE-084D-4F6D-BAFE-85A122C5143C","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"78ec1cbcd91e3f9b007b5b305eabcc4088177bb8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5677430,"id":"Q5677430"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3f1213faa534da279642dba3dcf692b5794dfbc6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7664389610290527","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1714468$5C255890-1944-4AA0-9732-8B58EA349407","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c13b39d9fce97226d4b4b7a962dfebbe10c19625","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3699637,"id":"Q3699637"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1cb80c27865402cc90552ec606079342817149ed","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7455796003341675","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1714468$A1EEAE33-122C-4265-8F66-2BEDBA9097CD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"907676bd7482d94e8fb0ceabcf82e63ba42ecb69","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":762041,"id":"Q762041"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c2699ca04e31d27a6929be75566d8d52bc728d04","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7423037886619568","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1714468$2EDB045F-8AF2-4DE9-9D72-DD334AE239FD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e006b413c239265fe3c3469f24fc390d2c5a78f3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1039930,"id":"Q1039930"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ba2e73dc9173d27e0ce97b7c75b82680dadc5831","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7379644513130188","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1714468$E771690F-490A-4D4A-8BFD-0E21B0FF75B3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b200407ddbe92f1353e76824bded05272fafef9a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5710549,"id":"Q5710549"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f259cc737501fa359c301490b29d16dfa7122064","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7374350428581238","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1714468$0455F934-EB0F-4C57-BA0B-D153052A3101","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Ptolemaic planetary models and Kepler's laws","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Ptolemaic_planetary_models_and_Kepler%27s_laws"}}}}}