{"entities":{"Q1724471":{"pageid":1735212,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1724471","lastrevid":72855249,"modified":"2026-04-14T08:17:08Z","type":"item","id":"Q1724471","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Optimal (control of) intervention strategies for malaria epidemic in Karonga district, Malawi"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7022676"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$F57BB9A1-499E-404C-BA97-F9B5CB990AA2","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"9a184802c85d18a824418ad9672ddf797d2967d8","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Optimal (control of) intervention strategies for malaria epidemic in Karonga district, Malawi","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$6E0E6100-EBE5-41F2-9529-25FCFAA2AB36","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"df96cc3b5cbc7532d40cc92b203abfa255720061","datavalue":{"value":"1406.92601","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$18C7943B-9D99-4A2E-AC48-F5BD18DA096E","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"72cf679ab5a8e61527ae1047f883562be92a0aed","datavalue":{"value":"10.1155/2014/594256","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$FF8CA7C2-276A-4688-A2DC-7210C425C76D","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"08df549f4b3fa85528c9058573e7cfb4fa0b13ce","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":591166,"id":"Q591166"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$6BA24BB6-E200-45CC-8CE6-F4F2AD502120","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"d65c7b89381db2545313ffc65856fc65b6fd0497","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1724470,"id":"Q1724470"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$2153D6F6-68AB-4EA9-926E-1F003A85CE23","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"1dc9ce62bb2929c4f87c32c1b77012f4dd59b1fc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2242476,"id":"Q2242476"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$3CF32BAD-9227-4663-8760-AD1E5C94C42A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"e7351c018c56a48773d5fda5a3b4e1df3c07f94e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1005818,"id":"Q1005818"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$C2A6D7C4-72B0-4C3D-BBF2-21C9CB32F3C3","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"d57614e948fd3618212cc11761c25c64d9f566a6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":162718,"id":"Q162718"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$5CA05E5A-6A98-4E41-A5D6-C4158A858737","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"d3988244ea333fe3befee59d428db74e7ba16624","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2019-02-14T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$67B01BE8-E1C7-4294-99BD-08C870BCBD5E","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"5938d36e5dc6372404435f31bc190ce2468e31a3","datavalue":{"value":"Summary: Malaria is a public health problem for more than 2 billion people globally. About 219 million cases of malaria occur worldwide and 660,000 people die, mostly (91\\%) in the African Region despite decades of efforts to control the disease. Although the disease is preventable, it is life-threatening and parasitically transmitted by the bite of the female \\textit{Anopheles} mosquito. A deterministic mathematical model with intervention strategies is developed in order to investigate the effectiveness and optimal control strategies of indoor residual spraying (IRS), insecticide treated nets (ITNs) and treatment on the transmission dynamics of malaria in Karonga District, Malawi. The effective reproduction number is analytically computed, and the existence and stability conditions of the equilibria are explored. The model does not exhibit backward bifurcation. Pontryagin's Maximum Principle which uses both the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian principles with respect to a time dependent constant is used to derive the necessary conditions for the optimal control of the disease. Numerical simulations indicate that the prevention strategies lead to the reduction of both the mosquito population and infected human individuals. Effective treatment consolidates the prevention strategies. Thus, malaria can be eradicated in Karonga District by concurrently applying vector control via ITNs and IRS complemented with timely treatment of infected people.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$7D99F529-30D1-474A-97AD-1F1691054D08","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"9f896fcbc322f4da683173f410784c05cfe9e768","datavalue":{"value":"92D30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$89A3F453-05C5-437C-922D-03AE8D0BCA03","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"7d549dacfd75da173dfbf0cca36305f043cdcb80","datavalue":{"value":"49N90","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$ECC1E56D-9F30-4ABC-A5CA-627164012774","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"9c25b254b1de5e4d1ffb4d3b0bfbd3123d016774","datavalue":{"value":"7022676","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$7DCBB0AC-6923-4E5B-BA23-F8FB048BACE8","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"31ed89a09c302463c9c77e28d13864c6d7d70f47","datavalue":{"value":"malaria epidemic","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$2C80F022-FABA-4CE8-8421-726B1CD48B90","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f47fee90c5592664decba5aa2e51ae852ecd7730","datavalue":{"value":"optimal control","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$3F4F19C3-ABCD-42E8-BF12-5D4F699D625B","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$326A75B2-874F-4996-B2B2-0998C790570A","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"9c5f1f9b7a90ed1e5d5f2e8e978a5d1bc33a60e7","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/594256","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$0565A815-CB09-4F25-A382-4106A9CFB786","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"3ca38a3e230a028bf3e0a3dafb9b425f91c92a08","datavalue":{"value":"W2081187491","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$267DCFA3-BD6E-4FA4-A0E2-9B9DB24CF0A9","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"2dc695c2dc8f8231a980116d3016942e791e0d66","datavalue":{"value":"Q59039744","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$8BC71141-C19B-4893-9D2B-DEF9ED9BE64E","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e9c99cb3253ab6460c7791bee2e3f17419e6dd1b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1019213,"id":"Q1019213"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$38F5E44B-B3A0-4276-ABEB-9FF27BD49F4C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f336d5822c410071a133f82f42d8d8d70c5ed9d6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2380822,"id":"Q2380822"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$F10D21CB-BD6C-4567-9F7C-7A10F4351571","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"21c5ea0da0d8c9c730e4c0dbda2a5a69dc43bd06","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":941136,"id":"Q941136"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$73A34A2C-3505-44EE-8552-7112F8988ADC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"80061c9bd543cec4adf91e29b912481bcddcd5a2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1591892,"id":"Q1591892"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$20E77A46-EE96-463C-89A8-F8C5EC6D15F0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3013806455a688db017037e4d361a2287e66067a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2459357,"id":"Q2459357"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$B9EFD9F5-D959-4D1D-8B13-8389E5AFFE05","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"da6a26e419a1c480b6b00c69a2a78dbea5827161","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1715303,"id":"Q1715303"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$27EB23FF-F4D9-4E6A-B6DC-97B9A6529C2C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cc5325c98a1a2a514f685c42ad1d6b848a88827c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5574850,"id":"Q5574850"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$DAB53C1E-7A44-4D71-8308-1088F1ACFEB9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"88bc9436aaff7e34065c3af0431cdd14c9273f2a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1867107,"id":"Q1867107"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$868B936A-FBC3-4B4E-B907-7659165C44EB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9846f5c341102d86e2551950711b76f79e41a857","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":803082,"id":"Q803082"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$04D7371A-BF4B-4E53-B579-287C8E811A53","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"613035af8988ed3b4f15b6b8c34a5f59fdfff88e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2390599,"id":"Q2390599"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$E40386A7-A7C9-4107-BDCD-331635DEB8CB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"972f7c66ef29bdbd08609af62bf06cd4547f07d7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":420032,"id":"Q420032"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$8E9AA096-806B-435A-B801-4AFFF8169643","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fb659b7317f39939e4ea07b10517a5dbfbdbf954","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":846636,"id":"Q846636"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$95FCE9C6-062A-45D4-AB11-7E582562BA9F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2bd639f722dda527730a6ba3d22bf6327259d91f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3285814,"id":"Q3285814"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$98BB8A49-B6B2-456E-B98B-E2E631763EA3","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"596011b62e10eb2c889d51aace124011897474a0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1677686,"id":"Q1677686"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"07609153907a1c5568f801374d905f20a46fc316","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.833976686000824","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1724471$1F5B516D-829E-43E7-AA3D-B65E747F68EA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"323d310f975dec34beb92b772a7620298495ad52","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5038788,"id":"Q5038788"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"53e6d717a5617e28ca151670fd4283857352298c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8226411938667297","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1724471$5E19941F-64C3-49F5-AAE5-DB58E75CAAD1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7530e47480622ae053fece306be202f441e3fb72","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5050562,"id":"Q5050562"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c314f994f83032d7d27bfb736e13c1a2951d0da9","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8183472156524658","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1724471$462EC9CD-8557-497F-A596-95F4CC351856","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b0312ff9acdf523553886aa7f9fbc4bd11ac35f0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3165033,"id":"Q3165033"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"efc373aa0f6dc022c77476060647077a8e31d938","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.806556761264801","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1724471$00058F16-D09B-4D6A-8CA1-E194B75E9612","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"edbf3cdfda1b66faf307b7016a303777e3be6521","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5197738,"id":"Q5197738"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2f350ed9d41722296672dd7e1d6a8bc2b189ef85","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8049764633178711","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1724471$44CEFB15-4FF3-4143-9CC6-D6082A4E673A","rank":"normal"}],"P163":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P163","hash":"daf5f856a5d861312ad309ab567540337a5f61d6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":57050,"id":"Q57050"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1724471$8CCD25C7-1684-4873-A68F-2B41B28EAFD7","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Optimal (control of) intervention strategies for malaria epidemic in Karonga district, Malawi","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Optimal_(control_of)_intervention_strategies_for_malaria_epidemic_in_Karonga_district,_Malawi"}}}}}