{"entities":{"Q1738873":{"pageid":1749614,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1738873","lastrevid":57519708,"modified":"2026-03-31T06:17:01Z","type":"item","id":"Q1738873","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Fundamental gerbes"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7046297"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1738873$87414527-87A5-435F-8E15-4BF2792B294D","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"9530ffab1b32357f17e1130ef65760ef379e87f3","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Fundamental gerbes","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1738873$D76C6E1B-1615-4AFC-9052-00358C29BF15","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"07386d0ee4321a8d0983328551fe4d3881587481","datavalue":{"value":"1412.14001","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1738873$2093BE98-137D-44C1-9162-28B9B943F5FB","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"c318732a40952fc08d837454bdead7647252a746","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":456757,"id":"Q456757"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1738873$AC89BFD9-F63E-437A-8400-32D87C077385","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"8d50240ca7661e440d747ebd5322c76a4f14ef6c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":388759,"id":"Q388759"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1738873$23DB4780-81C9-4853-A248-AA5A7B0ED2B6","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"3867057a7d0226a86475a68a428f5c0a32f79af8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":246406,"id":"Q246406"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1738873$329241D0-4213-4BE9-A0C5-42A412DF6F2D","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"c42f5a203e12a88e86db3449a4fde34dbee6430d","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2019-04-23T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1738873$8933C726-B31F-4C6E-87CB-FD381D1B7EEF","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"617fb3cb07dc57b81de9fb34f6b6eb44378968f8","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.07341","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1738873$0F540FB9-DE9E-47C8-A70A-40A23303B856","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"30a8e71b2ba559470b6ac276910c6537cff81bf0","datavalue":{"value":"The paper under review centers on generalizations of the \\textit{fundamental group scheme} defined by \\textit{M. V. Nori} [Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., Math. Sci. 91, 73--122 (1982; Zbl 0586.14006)]. Recall that for a proper connected reduced scheme $X$ over a field $\\kappa$ and a rational point $x_0 \\in X(\\kappa)$, the Nori fundamental group scheme $\\pi(X,x_0)$ is a pro-finite group scheme over $\\operatorname{Spec} \\kappa$ whose base change over $X$ is the structure group of a torsor $P \\to X$ with trivial fiber $P_{x_0}$, which is initial among such pro-finite group schemes in a certain sense. \\par In previous work [J. Algebr. Geom. 24, No. 2, 311--353 (2015; Zbl 1349.14004)], the authors generalized Nori's construction in a number of ways, including allowing $X$ to be a fibered category (satisfying the property they introduced of being \\textit{inflexible}), dropping the assumption that $X$ contains a rational point, and replacing $\\pi(X,x_0)$ by the \\textit{fundamental gerbe}, which is a pro-finite gerbe $\\Pi_{X/\\kappa}^{\\mathrm{N}}$ over $\\operatorname{Spec} \\kappa$ equipped with a morphism $X \\to \\Pi_{X/\\kappa}^{\\mathrm{N}}$ which is initial among morphisms from $X$ to pro-finite gerbes. \\par One of the main aims of the present paper is to further generalize the construction of $\\Pi_{X/\\kappa}^{\\mathrm{N}}$ to allow more general classes of group schemes in the role played by finite group schemes. Thus, given $X$ and a class of group schemes $\\mathscr{C}$, the authors define the \\textit{$\\mathscr{C}$-fundamental gerbe} to be a pro-$\\mathscr{C}$-gerbe $\\Pi_{X/\\kappa}^{\\mathscr{C}}$ (an inverse limit of gerbes whose points all have stabilizer groups in $\\mathscr{C}$) equipped with a morphism $X \\to \\Pi_{X/\\kappa}^{\\mathscr{C}}$ which is initial among morphisms from $X$ to pro-$\\mathscr{C}$-gerbes. \\par For which classes $\\mathscr{C}$ does the $\\mathscr{C}$-fundamental gerbe exist, under reasonable hypotheses on $X$? To answer this, the authors introduce the key definition of a \\textit{well-founded} class $\\mathscr{C}$ of group schemes over fields, which means that $\\mathscr{C}$ satisfies some natural stability conditions and is a subclass of the class of \\textit{virtually nilpotent} groups $G$ (such a $G$ over a field $k$ is an affine group scheme of finite type whose base change over an algebraic closure $\\overline{k}$ contains a nilpotent subgroup scheme of finite index). The first main result of the paper is that for any fibered category $X$ over $\\kappa$ which is geometrically reduced, which satisfies a mild finiteness hypothesis (equivalent to being quasi-compact and quasi-separated when $X$ is a scheme), and such that $\\mathrm{H}^0(X,\\mathscr{O}_X) = \\kappa$, the $\\mathscr{C}$-fundamental gerbe exists for any well-founded $\\mathscr{C}$. The authors furthermore assert a kind of converse: if $\\Pi_{X/\\kappa}^{\\mathscr{C}}$ exists for any such $X$, then $\\mathscr{C}$ must be well-founded. \\par The class of all virtually nilpotent group schemes is itself a well-founded class, but it also contains many interesting well-founded subclasses, such as unipotent group schemes, affine finite type commutative group schemes, finite type group schemes of multiplicative type, and finite group schemes. In particular, when $\\mathscr{C}$ is the class of unipotent groups, the construction of $\\Pi_{X,\\kappa}^{\\mathrm{U}} := \\Pi_{X/\\kappa}^{\\mathscr{C}}$ (the \\textit{unipotent fundamental gerbe}) generalizes the unipotent fundamental group scheme $\\pi_1^{\\mathrm{U}}(X,x_0)$ of Nori, which was also constructed by him in [loc. cit.]. \\par The second group of results in the paper concerns Tannakian interpretations of the $\\mathscr{C}$-fundamental gerbe for various choices of $\\mathscr{C}$. Let $\\operatorname{Rep} \\Pi_{X/\\kappa}^{\\mathscr{C}}$ denote the category of finite rank vector bundles on $\\Pi_{X/\\kappa}^{\\mathscr{C}}$. Then $\\operatorname{Rep} \\Pi_{X/\\kappa}^{\\mathscr{C}}$ is a Tannakian category, and pullback along the universal morphism $X \\to \\Pi_{X/\\kappa}^{\\mathscr{C}}$ yields a functor \\[ \\operatorname{Rep} \\Pi_{X/\\kappa}^{\\mathscr{C}} \\to \\mathrm{Vect}_X \\tag{$*$}\\] to the category of finite rank vector bundles on $X$. When $\\mathscr{C}$ is the class of finite group schemes, the authors proved in their previous work [loc. cit.] that $(*)$ is fully faithful, with essential image consisting of the so-called essentially finite vector bundles on $X$; in Nori's original setting, this recovers his result that the category of $\\pi(X,x_0)$-representations is equivalent to that of essentially finite vector bundles on $X$. In the present paper, when $\\mathscr{C}$ is any well-founded subclass of the class of virtually unipotent groups (defined analogously to virtually nilpotent groups), the authors prove that $(*)$ is again fully faithful. When $\\mathscr{C}$ is the class of unipotent groups, the authors show that the essential image of $(*)$ consists of the vector bundles on $X$ which are iterated extensions of trivial bundles; this generalizes the Tannakian description of $\\pi_1^{\\mathrm{U}}(X,x_0)$ given by Nori. When $\\mathscr{C}$ is the class of virtually unipotent groups and $\\kappa$ has characteristic zero, the authors show that the essential image of $(*)$ consists of the vector bundles on $X$ which are iterated extensions of essentially finite bundles (\\textit{extended essentially finite locally free sheaves}, in the authors' terminology; these were defined as \\textit{semi-finite bundles} by \\textit{S. Otabe} [Commun. Algebra 45, No. 8, 3422--3448 (2017; Zbl 1408.14145)]). For the same $\\mathscr{C}$ and $\\kappa$ of positive characteristic, the authors show that the essential image consists of the bundles which become extended essentially finite after pullback by a sufficiently high power of the absolute Frobenius. \\par In the final section of the paper, the authors take $\\mathscr{C}$ to be the class of finite type groups of multiplicative type and give an alternative ``direct'' construction of the fundamental gerbe of multiplicative type $\\Pi_{X,\\kappa}^{\\mathrm{MT}} := \\Pi_{X/\\kappa}^{\\mathscr{C}}$, in terms of the Picard stack $\\underline{\\mathrm{Pic}}_{X/\\kappa}$; this bypasses all the general machinery of the previous parts of the paper, and is valid for fibered categories $X$ as in the first main result described above, except the geometrically reduced hypothesis on $X$ can be dropped. The gerbe $\\Pi_{X,\\kappa}^{\\mathrm{MT}}$ generalizes, and gives a conceptual interpretation of, the universal torsor of \\textit{J.-L. Colliot-Th\u00e9l\u00e8ne} and \\textit{J.-J. Sansuc} [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, S\u00e9r. A 282, 1113--1116 (1976; Zbl 0337.14014); Duke Math. J. 54, 375--492 (1987; Zbl 0659.14028)]. Along the way, the authors prove a duality theorem for gerbes of multiplicative type generalizing the standard duality between group schemes of multiplicative type and abelian groups with a continuous action of $\\mathrm{Gal}(\\kappa^{\\mathrm{sep}}/\\kappa)$.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1738873$D1EE5207-50CD-4A4C-9944-C2D7D716D0C9","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"dc4bf3875ed9809536161f66fd244a6dc55a1b32","datavalue":{"value":"14A20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1738873$1BFA958F-03C3-46EF-A61F-46A5E5B05C7A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ac5ea3dde0e433b8e52fdd8b30e44c5d6afa64ba","datavalue":{"value":"14H30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1738873$A87C4BEF-92AA-4A1E-9A29-5779602AEF4C","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"a003201cc8d07dc93562c98d51dcdf2324d587d5","datavalue":{"value":"7046297","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1738873$802F9F44-F117-48C1-B91F-65890BE27DD6","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"57b6cf70945c0bd434b5767cfde522674a7b33e4","datavalue":{"value":"fundamental group scheme","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1738873$D4561843-DCF0-48F7-8DEF-417055FA0AF5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3018860ed224c1a04b7d999eab725dbdba115556","datavalue":{"value":"Tannaka theory","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1738873$5AC191D8-CD53-4F40-B93F-F88DEEA1BFEE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"dd01807ed71a04aca29222565dd61871623200c9","datavalue":{"value":"algebraic stacks","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1738873$2A4B6A4E-4DF1-4CA8-B084-8F9B4219A370","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"12d1a202c046430c7755dd41299e71c65aa298d5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":540427,"id":"Q540427"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1738873$9CA9C13E-5CB9-4B16-9A71-58CE0D2D6214","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1738873$4687BEEF-A9C8-4A23-83C3-1B1C6F75D9C5","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"c4b8663f8e8234222a95961a396eb878cfd4f78b","datavalue":{"value":"W3037261445","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1738873$DFED7626-02B1-451E-B1F8-DDBFB3DF9920","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"73fd27a939036b2389ba37453360c610f7ac8373","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":933629,"id":"Q933629"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1738873$E7C7E603-118B-4D60-90F8-8CAE67D2075E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"42b65a0503f6bbcbc25787f3a57b110ab1532ff1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5274774,"id":"Q5274774"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1738873$E53F8499-7802-4207-BA2C-64A927C5B11F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"af93b5fa5462d814ec1727ded36dede0d3d683af","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5632701,"id":"Q5632701"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1738873$BCDC92B0-8D48-4827-AAA1-B4A5B4CD9B5F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"824e748572a0b4284ebe2d52712c8629c371b88a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1071827,"id":"Q1071827"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1738873$04920F6E-5BE3-4159-A7F5-0EBF16C1EAB3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"57ac7084bd242e890ad91bf5143a59f5ab66784f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4978403,"id":"Q4978403"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1738873$E7656F8B-CF92-446F-8862-1CD1E47FD5AD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ec4355451187c5398ae3388dfe67a06426b4e728","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5242873,"id":"Q5242873"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1738873$05920E45-1816-4470-9CE7-5BDE0DDAAB35","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0201342aa11aa96959bd21f2398e9aefaf44ae42","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4633598,"id":"Q4633598"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1738873$5AF12A11-BCFF-46B5-B641-60BF55F1CD76","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"3f834682e81c5ba24efe854910d37ce84cc0bf55","datavalue":{"value":"Q128172114","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1738873$BDB72185-0A40-43C2-B061-705AC3C42882","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"c75b0456829b2bdca87b7e607b6533035e464680","datavalue":{"value":"10.2140/ANT.2019.13.531","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1738873$BDE02F92-7D61-4BE8-9F08-E7C54A1B7A9B","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"dc060fbfa6855af89e3785a86458f481413218ca","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5248702,"id":"Q5248702"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1d64d5164a7b7ca5ca2eb2d78c6fc45a0d1abf48","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8480598330497742","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1738873$1ECD409F-8F5A-4C46-88B2-2CCF975CAC42","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1dac1b9248355b031deaaaa8246ecafd57065673","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5242873,"id":"Q5242873"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ed522d65007d65218ef9d2a1fe8e4716c801b21c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8245538473129272","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1738873$598910CA-EC25-4568-A8F2-7346B7D5A102","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"409fce956dbd83e93c91bdf96d187fd8646f621c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4297064,"id":"Q4297064"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"224dd8c906d85b968932be71e79343e67b3388cf","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8092243075370789","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1738873$2A164C62-A1AD-414C-A509-C20C2308A779","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"aaf95d2cd5e30c9a6e043757af4981e5e152152d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1608568,"id":"Q1608568"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b918777544a1f65679e15be1531bbe2522bc3f0e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8090848326683044","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1738873$3DD6815D-F92C-40EE-B9FE-E1AAD1054E2D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"59bb6d55b7ae3f59239df32b1cc6fdb46b714a35","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5459670,"id":"Q5459670"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"76b52b05429e4753de67239b534d33f780493731","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8082282543182373","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1738873$EC0097D2-8950-48F2-9B59-20437C10BF81","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1738873","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1738873"}}}}}