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Primzahlzwillingen und Catalanschen Zahlen ein. Dazu erinnern wir daran, da\u00df die \\(n\\)-te Catalansche Zahl durch \\(C_n = \\frac1{n+1} \\binom{2n}{n}\\) gegeben ist. Bekanntlich gilt nun f\u00fcr eine ungerade Primzahl \\(p\\) nach dem kleinen Fermatschen Satz \\(2^p\\equiv 2 \\bmod p\\). Hiervon gilt allerdings nicht die Umkehrung; deshalb wird eine nat\u00fcrliche Zahl \\(n\\), welche \\(2^n\\equiv 2 \\bmod n\\) erf\u00fcllt, Pseudoprimzahl genannt.   Der Zusammenhang zwischen Catalanschen Zahlen und Primzahlen besteht in dem offenbar wenig bekannten Ergebnis, da\u00df f\u00fcr eine Primzahl \\(p\\) die Beziehung  \\[ (-1)^{(p-1)/2}C_{(p-1)/2} \\equiv 2\\bmod p \\]   gilt. Wiederum ist die Umkehrung hiervon im Allgemeinen nicht richtig, und man wird entsprechend zum Begriff der Catalanschen Pseudoprimzahl gef\u00fchrt. 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