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This notion was introduced by \\textit{D. Eisenbud} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 260, No. 1, 35--64 (1980; Zbl 0444.13006)] who used it to study minimal free resolutions of finitely generated modules over the factor ring \\(R = Q/(f)\\) when \\(Q\\) is a regular local ring. \\textit{R.-O. Buchweitz} [``Maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules and Tate-cohomology over Gorenstein rings'', unpublished manuscript, (1987)] observed that Eisenbud's results provide an equivalence \\((A,B) \\mapsto \\text{Coker}\\, A\\) between the homotopy category \\([MF(Q,f)]\\) of matrix factorizations and the \\textit{singularity category} \\(\\text{D}_{\\text{sg}}(R) := \\text{D}^b(R)/\\text{Perf}(R)\\) of \\(R\\). Here \\(\\text{Perf}(R)\\) is the subcategory of the bounded derived category \\(\\text{D}^b(R)\\) of finitely generated \\(R\\)-modules consisting of complexes isomorphic in \\(\\text{D}^b(R)\\) to a bounded complex of finitely generated projective \\(R\\)-modules.  In the paper under review the authors are concerned with a global analogue of this equivalence. Let \\(X\\) be a Noetherian scheme, \\(\\mathcal L\\) an invertible sheaf on \\(X\\), \\(W\\) a global section of \\(\\mathcal L\\) and \\(Y \\subset X\\) the zero scheme of \\(W\\). If \\(\\mathcal F\\) is a coherent sheaf on \\(X\\), one uses the notation \\(\\mathcal F(n) := {\\mathcal F}\\otimes_{{\\mathcal O}_X}{\\mathcal L}^{\\otimes \\, n}\\). A \\textit{twisted periodic sequence} of locally free sheaves on \\(X\\) is a sequence \\({\\mathcal E}^\\bullet = ({\\mathcal E}^i)_{i \\in {\\mathbb Z}}\\) of such sheaves with the property that \\({\\mathcal E}^{i+2} = {\\mathcal E}^i(1)\\), \\(\\forall \\, i \\in {\\mathbb Z}\\). If \\({\\mathcal E}^\\bullet\\) and \\({\\mathcal F}^\\bullet\\) are two twisted periodic sequences, one denotes by \\(\\underline{\\text{Hom}}^p({\\mathcal E}^\\bullet, {\\mathcal F}^\\bullet)\\) the subgroup of  \\[  \\text{Hom}^p({\\mathcal E}^\\bullet,{\\mathcal F}^\\bullet) := { \\prod_{i\\in {\\mathbb Z}}}\\text{Hom}({\\mathcal E}^i,{\\mathcal F}^{i+p})  \\]  consisting of the elements \\((\\phi^i)_{i\\in {\\mathbb Z}}\\) with \\(\\phi^{i+2} = \\phi^i(1)\\), \\(\\forall \\, i \\in {\\mathbb Z}\\). Obviously:  \\[  \\underline{\\text{Hom}}^p({\\mathcal E}^\\bullet,{\\mathcal F}^\\bullet) \\simeq \\text{Hom}({\\mathcal E}^{-1},{\\mathcal F}^{p-1}) \\oplus \\text{Hom}({\\mathcal E}^0,{\\mathcal F}^p)\\, .  \\]  Considering the morphism \\({\\mathcal O}_X \\rightarrow {\\mathcal L}\\) associated to \\(W\\), one has that \\(\\text{id}_{\\mathcal E}\\otimes W\\) belongs to \\(\\underline{\\text{Hom}}^2({\\mathcal E}^\\bullet,{\\mathcal E}^\\bullet)\\). A \\textit{matrix factorization} of the triple \\((X,{\\mathcal L},W)\\) is a pair \\({\\mathbb E} = ({\\mathcal E}^\\bullet,e)\\) with \\(e \\in \\underline{\\text{Hom}}^1({\\mathcal E}^\\bullet,{\\mathcal E}^\\bullet)\\) such that \\(e \\circ e = \\text{id}_{\\mathcal E}\\otimes W\\). If \\({\\mathbb F} = ({\\mathcal F}^\\bullet,f)\\) is another matrix factorization then the operators:  \\[  d^p : \\underline{\\text{Hom}}^p({\\mathcal E}^\\bullet,{\\mathcal F}^\\bullet) \\rightarrow \\underline{\\text{Hom}}^{p+1}({\\mathcal E}^\\bullet,{\\mathcal F}^\\bullet), \\;\\phi \\mapsto f\\circ \\phi - (-1)^p\\phi \\circ e  \\]  endow the twisted periodic sequence \\((\\underline{\\text{Hom}}^p({\\mathcal E}^\\bullet,{\\mathcal F}^\\bullet))_{p \\in {\\mathbb Z}}\\) of abelian groups with the stucture of a \\textit{twisted periodic complex}, which one denotes by \\(\\underline{\\text{Hom}}^\\bullet({\\mathbb E},{\\mathbb F})\\).  The naive homotopy category of matrix factorizations \\([MF(X,{\\mathcal L},W)]_{\\text{naive}}\\) has as Hom-groups:  \\[  \\text{Hom}_{MF_{\\text{naive}}}({\\mathbb E},{\\mathbb F}) := \\text{H}^0(\\underline{\\text{Hom}}^\\bullet({\\mathbb E},{\\mathbb F}))\\, .  \\]  For technical reasons, that are specific to the non-affine case, one works with the Verdier quotient \\([MF(X,{\\mathcal L},W)]\\) of \\([MF(X,{\\mathcal L},W)]_{\\text{naive}}\\) by objects \\({\\mathbb E} = ({\\mathcal E}^\\bullet,e)\\) with \\(\\text{Coker}\\, e^{-1}\\) a locally free \\({\\mathcal O}_Y\\)-module.  The first main result of the paper under review asserts that if \\(X\\) is a projective scheme over the spectrum of a Noetherian ring \\(Q\\), and if \\({\\mathcal L} = {\\mathcal O}_X(1)\\) then the Hom-groups of the category \\([MF(X,{\\mathcal L},W)]\\) can be calculated by the formula:  \\[  \\text{Hom}_{MF}({\\mathbb E},{\\mathbb F}) \\simeq {\\mathbb H}^0(\\underline{{\\mathcal H}om}^\\bullet({\\mathbb E},{\\mathbb F}))  \\]  where \\(\\underline{{\\mathcal H}om}^\\bullet\\) is the sheafified version of the complex \\(\\underline{\\text{Hom}}^\\bullet\\) and \\(\\mathbb H\\) denotes the hypercohomology.  The second main result asserts that if, moreover, \\(W : {\\mathcal O}_X \\rightarrow {\\mathcal L}\\) is a monomorphism of sheaves, then the functor:  \\[  [MF(X,{\\mathcal L},W)] \\rightarrow \\text{D}_{\\text{sg}}(Y),\\;{\\mathbb E} \\mapsto \\text{Coker}\\, e^{-1}  \\]  is fully faithful and its essential image consists of the objects \\(\\mathcal C\\) of \\(\\text{D}_{\\text{sg}}(Y)\\) with the property that \\(i_\\ast{\\mathcal C}\\) is perfect on \\(X\\), where \\(i : Y \\rightarrow X\\) denotes the inclusion. This is an analogue of a result of \\textit{D. Orlov} [Math. Ann. 353, No. 1, 95--108 (2012; Zbl 1243.81178)] which assumed that \\({\\mathcal L} = {\\mathcal 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