{"entities":{"Q1762638":{"pageid":1773380,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1762638","lastrevid":73853823,"modified":"2026-04-14T17:30:17Z","type":"item","id":"Q1762638","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Near-commutativity and partial-periodicity conditions for rings."}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2133433"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$30708138-CF78-4058-ACE1-3C957BD8FD1C","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"adff1411d044479a075f31cfe4dcb891fb2ce49b","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Near-commutativity and partial-periodicity conditions for rings.","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$A2A36C36-231B-4BEB-80F3-6FC692FA034D","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"bc4b24c675b5bc99f6beda65ab8fe5618dc2ff6d","datavalue":{"value":"1080.16028","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$C962A08D-BB81-435A-8A92-A86FFDFFF5FA","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"5c5314d8ebb912c5896b6e5bb8181aaa29d07a7b","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/BF03322867","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$08B26E06-15AB-40F2-8129-97FC03C2EE28","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"8b6509dd3d89e75d824c6019e0f5b73dab872bf1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":175196,"id":"Q175196"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$CB763DEE-0E3C-4D0A-B1CB-712216F58DD2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"f7b68a55a4fbaa72683eb4abbb2ffe2d9cb0c66f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":227629,"id":"Q227629"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$C4FEE3A5-BB1E-4A6D-9420-DFECDEB80F0B","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"12982252bdbf08365fdfe453232fb6e734596979","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":189241,"id":"Q189241"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$31A9DF17-E913-4AE5-8603-2D03801E592B","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"5596d9d431c014306023aa27a7b00ce60a426d45","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2005-02-11T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$054A1E3E-2EA7-4104-A6B1-AE3DE3C29178","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"2d8deb7212ae8d33ab66ed92b89b40a6430a04ce","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(R\\) be a ring; and let \\(N(R)\\), \\(Z(R)\\), and \\(J(R)\\) denote respectively the set of nilpotent elements, the center, the Jacobson radical of \\(R\\). Let \\(P(R)\\) be the set of potent elements of \\(R\\) -- i.e. \\(P(R)=\\{x\\in R\\mid x^n=x\\) for some integer \\(n=n(x)>1\\}\\). For \\(x,y\\in R\\), the commutator \\(xy-yx\\) is denoted by \\([x,y]\\); and the extended commutators \\([x,y]_k\\) are defined inductively, letting \\([x,y]_1=[x,y]\\) and \\([x,y]_{k+1}=[[x,y]_k,y]\\). A ring \\(R\\) is called an Engel ring if for each \\(x,y\\in R\\), there exists a positive integer \\(k\\) such that \\([x,y]_k=0\\).   In the paper under review, a ring \\(R\\) is called a weakly COPE ring if for each \\(x,y\\in R\\), either \\([x,y]_k=0\\) for some positive integer \\(k\\) or there exists \\(n=n(x,y)>1\\) such that \\(x^n-y^n\\in N(R)\\cap Z(R)\\). It is easily observed that the class of Engel rings is contained in the class of weakly COPE rings. In [Result. Math. 42, No. 1-2, 28-31 (2002; Zbl 1036.16027)] the first author studied commutativity in COPE rings \\(R\\), which are defined by the property that for each \\(a,b\\in R\\), either \\(ab=ba\\) or there exists an integer \\(n=n(a,b)>1\\) for which \\(a^n=b^n\\). In [\\textit{A. Rosin, A. Yaqub}, Int. J. Math. Math. Sci. 2003, No. 33, 2097-2107 (2003; Zbl 1038.16023)] a ring \\(R\\) was defined to be subweakly periodic if each \\(x \\in R\\setminus J(R)\\) can be expressed as a sum of a nilpotent element and a potent element; and some commutativity theorems for subweakly periodic rings were presented. In the paper under review, for a subset \\(S\\) of a ring \\(R\\), the authors define \\(R\\) to be \\(S\\)-subweakly periodic if \\(R\\setminus S\\subseteq P(R)+N(R)\\). Thus \\(R\\) is subweakly periodic if \\(R\\) is \\(J(R)\\)-subweakly periodic.   In the paper under review, the authors provide the following results for weakly COPE rings and \\(S\\)-subweakly periodic rings.   Theorem 2.1. Let \\(R\\) be a COPE ring with \\(N(R)\\) commutative. If \\(R\\) contains a proper additive subgroup \\(S\\) such that \\(R\\) is \\(S\\)-subweakly periodic, then \\(R\\) is commutative. Theorem 2.3. Let \\(R\\) be a ring with 1 such that for each \\(a,b\\in R\\), either \\([a,b]=0\\) or there exists \\(n>1\\) such that \\(a^n-b^n\\in N(R)\\cap Z(R)\\). Then \\(R\\) is commutative.   Theorem 3.1. If \\(R\\) is a weakly COPE ring and \\(N(R)\\) is commutative, then \\(N(R)\\) is an ideal and \\(R/N(R)\\) is commutative.   Theorem 3.4. Let \\(R\\) be a weakly COPE ring containing a commutative ideal \\(I\\) such that \\(N(R)\\subseteq I\\) and \\(R\\) is \\(I\\)-subweakly periodic. Then \\(R\\) is commutative.   Theorem 4.1. Let \\(R\\) be a ring in which \\(N(R)\\subseteq Z(R)\\). If \\(N(R)\\) is contained in a commutative ideal \\(I\\) for which \\(R\\) is \\(I\\)-subweakly periodic, then \\(R\\) is commutative.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$A01ADC08-A120-42D2-990D-D1072FA9FE35","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"ebb96cb004791185508e9f447d258889ef519c78","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":193089,"id":"Q193089"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$35E3A96D-98F9-4D45-9A1A-8A38A175C80D","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5447c97cb28948e8724330e4c334692a570114d7","datavalue":{"value":"16U80","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$29759E7B-914E-48CA-9B76-7CFF3DE45949","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"48d4c308c76f6e6fe9a69b1d359f81c047ce1d73","datavalue":{"value":"16U70","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$3CED35D8-59A7-470E-A69A-3F0690FFE164","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"8580f2e4f5c4e17ddeec0fb289dc12954fe8f9a9","datavalue":{"value":"16N40","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$41E0DE1B-E372-4BE4-BEF7-ADA501A7E0C8","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"92400dc58d366bd83264efee6946db18ca8a3d70","datavalue":{"value":"2133433","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$94B2C6A9-E0B9-4E8F-81DB-14473F02BA82","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"399b36835cefa222d85831ef4ea65132a99a57de","datavalue":{"value":"commutativity theorems","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$04892721-5E6F-4302-AA60-7829FD38CE73","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ba24e0832cb5d784ecdb7291dca867d0a31460b5","datavalue":{"value":"generalizations of periodicity","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$BFA60D1A-9341-4836-B83D-E483DA4C851D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"523862f72ed9bcb7c1b56b80e4691262de2eb249","datavalue":{"value":"setwise commutativity conditions","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$0E9F5205-1908-4AC4-B462-E6662F323D0D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3e05e3192f431d1e132fbef2b53c97ad1a861942","datavalue":{"value":"potent elements","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$3CB0E360-8A95-4D9C-86B5-92E55188F21C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a031c59166d5a87782a591b67a443995037f1397","datavalue":{"value":"nilpotent elements","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$A4F60458-9733-4F2E-A0D8-74C222B9376F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"615984f9970f59239cb82dd12c05d9f01c13c952","datavalue":{"value":"weakly periodic rings","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$992F35BC-2990-42D5-9F92-9DB508E0E169","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d5f2fd5b1859d78a9544be546db69da60650a10f","datavalue":{"value":"subweakly periodic rings","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$6BD47B35-6935-457C-8260-9B0F5C9D366D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f549f1b7d2a715190c7126bfd9d568741cfb6373","datavalue":{"value":"weakly COPE rings","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$145D0B57-5AC2-45F2-8ABE-16943AD76D6F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6e53bd833a9cba15108712213ddb17f07d7e50a7","datavalue":{"value":"Engel rings","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$E3265DA7-E3D8-4E98-9521-126F6A21C83C","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$73437A12-9932-42D8-8B47-4B96C5B39CA8","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8c868ac1c461716d02ff5d3cbf9c93588dd8cf43","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2556914,"id":"Q2556914"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$95797893-4277-4408-A726-747FE0123640","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4916e91081640d666b148f3623cdf33648d30d57","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1411425,"id":"Q1411425"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$2A17F1EC-F30D-495F-ADF1-1567B82D7094","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8409641d8e8996694aac973d627a8acff006ba43","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1263656,"id":"Q1263656"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$06A41D0B-BD79-4AD9-B7BB-D2369C5CCBC5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"da853efa1d43d7afaaafcaa7b8847a94199171c8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5817465,"id":"Q5817465"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$638FDBFA-66A8-44C6-B4B2-50B3FD4B34CA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4181f82502e474c61792b4b9ad20cbb961a48c03","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5826973,"id":"Q5826973"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$B53C35B4-EE6E-4314-9796-64D35ED5C0B8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c9fc72758b1204e1656b92d1589a28b1a94731e1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1811972,"id":"Q1811972"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1762638$4F569A89-2F2F-48D3-B5B2-605A584C3AB7","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7304f51ab3835e92cabb9f083464370c49653570","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1811972,"id":"Q1811972"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"53a0a0588486a273c75a046bc139c711a3af20ce","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.854942262172699","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1762638$7C5DEADE-0C90-4919-817E-46A8D9FF8D56","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"12bbfd2e96cb5bb37beacf5a2e24bc08e73e4627","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1411425,"id":"Q1411425"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"406497a7e71cdae61bec1c9b7e937e80d9b35a09","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8451510667800903","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1762638$AFF138FF-3B3B-4E05-BB61-6CCCBEFC8989","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"11da85ae98c78a02b888d1c6638cac6a214adb5e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2575944,"id":"Q2575944"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"05f1a3828db6afb8eecfe9f8e9e3156cc0bb006b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8440117239952087","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1762638$845D219B-B338-4AE6-8A6C-95F99B7B8D8D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3549d2ed8aaeb2d15110868c0a2d1235658770c1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1917169,"id":"Q1917169"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4f98813219d0a1623308306ee48adac0c6f33f43","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8342384696006775","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1762638$5EC9079C-2C03-4105-A89A-272F23C2D3B4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4353912bd4ba51560b073af01777e0765f45757f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5931276,"id":"Q5931276"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4f98813219d0a1623308306ee48adac0c6f33f43","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8342384696006775","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1762638$D105D211-E4AE-4327-AA98-8FA5805CDE4C","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Near-commutativity and partial-periodicity conditions for rings.","badges":[]}}}}}